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Umm al-Fadl: Difference between revisions
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==Marriage== | ==Marriage== | ||
[[Al-Ma'mun]], the [[Abbasid]] caliph, was the father of Umm al-Fadl. He was ruling in the time of [[Imam al-Rida (a)]]. In [[202]]/817-8, al-Ma'mun requested [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] to be married to Umm al-Fadl, which was accepted by Imam al-Rida (a). It is said Imam al-Jawad (a) travelled to [[Khorasan]] to visit his father, and al-Ma'mun asked him to marry his daughter. However, [[al-Mas'udi]] stated Imam al-Jawad (a) married Umm al-Fadl when he was in [[Iraq]]; it took place after the martyrdom of Imam al-Rida (a). | [[Al-Ma'mun]], the [[Abbasid]] caliph, was the father of Umm al-Fadl. He was ruling in the time of [[Imam al-Rida (a)]].<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 10, p. 249.</ref> In [[202]]/817-8,<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 8, p. 566; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 10, p. 269.</ref> al-Ma'mun requested [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] to be married to Umm al-Fadl, which was accepted by Imam al-Rida (a).<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 10, p. 269.</ref> It is said Imam al-Jawad (a) travelled to [[Khorasan]] to visit his father,<ref>Bayhaqī, ''Tārīkh-i Bayhaq'', p. 46.</ref> and al-Ma'mun asked him to marry his daughter. However, [[al-Mas'udi]] stated Imam al-Jawad (a) married Umm al-Fadl when he was in [[Iraq]]; it took place after the martyrdom of Imam al-Rida (a).<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-waṣīyya'', p. 223.</ref> | ||
According to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], al-Ma'mun was greatly fond of knowledge, manners and morality of Imam al-Jawad (a) and he asked him to marry his daughter. Imam al-Rida (a) specified the [[mahr]] of the marriage the same as [[Lady Fatima]]'s (a). Several supporters of al-Ma'mun disapproved of this marriage as they were afraid [[caliphate]] would be handed from Abbasid to [[Alid]]s. Imam al-Jawad (a) did not have any children from Umm al-Fadl. | According to [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]], al-Ma'mun was greatly fond of knowledge, manners and morality of Imam al-Jawad (a) and he asked him to marry his daughter.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 281.</ref> Imam al-Rida (a) specified the [[mahr]] of the marriage the same as [[Lady Fatima]]'s (a).<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 284.</ref> Several supporters of al-Ma'mun disapproved of this marriage as they were afraid [[caliphate]] would be handed from Abbasid to [[Alid]]s.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 281.</ref> Imam al-Jawad (a) did not have any children from Umm al-Fadl.<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 380; Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-waṣīyya'', p. 227.</ref> | ||
==Martyrdom of Imam al-Jawad (a)== | ==Martyrdom of Imam al-Jawad (a)== | ||
Based on [[al-Mas'udi]], [[al-Mu'tasim]] and [[Ja'far b. Ma'mun]] (brother of Umm al-Fadl) were planning to martyr Imam al-Jawad (a). Finally when Imam (a) arrived in [[Baghdad]] to meet Mu'tasim, Ja'far encouraged Umm al-Fadl to poison grapes and bring them for Imam al-Jawad (a) which led to martyrdom of Imam al-Jawad (a). However, al-Shaykh al-Mufid stated: "Although it is said Imam al-Jawad (a) was poisoned and martyred, it is not proved to me yet to testify martyrdom of Imam (a)." A number of sources stated that al-Mu'tasim himself poisoned Imam (a) by means of a secretary of his ministers. | Based on [[al-Mas'udi]], [[al-Mu'tasim]] and [[Ja'far b. Ma'mun]] (brother of Umm al-Fadl) were planning to martyr Imam al-Jawad (a). Finally when Imam (a) arrived in [[Baghdad]] to meet Mu'tasim, Ja'far encouraged Umm al-Fadl to poison grapes and bring them for Imam al-Jawad (a) which led to martyrdom of Imam al-Jawad (a).<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-waṣīyya'', p. 227.</ref> However, al-Shaykh al-Mufid stated: "Although it is said Imam al-Jawad (a) was poisoned and martyred, it is not proved to me yet to testify martyrdom of Imam (a)."<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 295.</ref> A number of sources stated that al-Mu'tasim himself poisoned Imam (a) by means of a secretary of his ministers.<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī'', vol. 1, p. 320.</ref> | ||
Umm al-Fadl was repentant after this incident, but Imam (a) did not accept it and he cursed her. After the martyrdom of Imam al-Jawad (a), al-Mu'tasim brought Umm al-Fadl to his own palace, but she became severely sick and passed away after some time. | Umm al-Fadl was repentant after this incident, but Imam (a) did not accept it and he cursed her.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbāt al-waṣīyya'', p. 227.</ref> After the martyrdom of Imam al-Jawad (a), al-Mu'tasim brought Umm al-Fadl to his own palace,<ref>Irbilī, ''Kashf al-ghumma'', vol. 2, p. 345.</ref> but she became severely sick and passed away after some time.<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 381.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* | * ʿAyyāshī, Muḥammad b. Masʿūd al-. ''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī''. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: al-Maktaba al-ʿIlmīyya al-Islāmīyya, [n.d]. | ||
* Bayhaqī, ʿAlī b. Zayd. ''Tārīkh-i Bayhaq''. Edited by Aḥmad Bahmanyār. Introduced by Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb Qazwīnī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Furūghī, [n.d]. | |||
* Ibn Shahrāshūb, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib''. Qom: Nashr-i ʿAllāma, 1379 AH. | |||
* Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1407 AH-1986. | |||
* Irbilī, ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā al-. ''Kashf al-ghumma fī maʿrifat al-aʾimma''. Tabriz: Maktabat Banī Hāshimī, 1381 AH. | |||
* Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. ''Ithbāt al-waṣīyya li ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib''. Qom: Muʾassisat Anṣārīyān, 1426 AH. | |||
* Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. ''Murūj al-dhahab wa maʿadin al-jawhar''. Edited by Asʿad Dāghir. Qom: Dār al-Hijra, 1409 AH. | |||
* Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Irshād fī maʿrifat ḥujaj Allāh ʿalā l-ʿibād''. Qom: Kungira-yi Shaykh al-Mufīd, 1413 AH. | |||
* Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. Beirut: Dar al-Turāth, 1387 AH. | |||
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