Tarakat al-Mayyit
Tarakat al-mayyit (Arabic: تَرَکَةُ المَیّت) or Mā taraka al-mayyit (Arabic: ما تَرَكَ المَیّت)[1] refers to all assets, movable and immovable properties, and financial rights left by a deceased person.[2] The estate includes items such as the deceased's claims against others,[3] the Right of Option (Ḥaqq al-Khiyār), and stock shares.[4]
According to Imami jurisprudence, before distributing these assets among the heirs, the deceased's debts must be paid and their legal testaments executed.[5] Based on the Ijma' (consensus) of Shi'a jurists,[6] if the deceased has no debts or outstanding rights, their property is transferred to the heirs immediately after death.[7]
There is a disagreement among jurists regarding the heirs' ownership of the estate before the payment of debts. Some jurists believe that heirs are not considered owners of the estate until debts and rights are settled.[8] Some Shi'a scholars hold that if the deceased's debts are less than their total assets, the heirs are owners of the estate,[9] while another group believes that heirs own the estate from the very moment of death, even before debts are paid.[10]
The concept of the estate is discussed in various chapters of jurisprudence, including Hajr (legal interdiction),[11] Zakat al-Fitra,[12] Will,[13] and Inheritance (Irth).[14]
Notes
- ↑ Muʾassasat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī, Farhang-i fiqh, vol. 6, p. 397.
- ↑ Mughniyya, Al-Fiqh ʿalā l-madhāhib al-khamsa, p. 493.
- ↑ Imām Khumaynī, Ḥāshīya bar risāla-yi irth-i Mullā Hāshim Khurāsānī, p. 24.
- ↑ "Bā sahām-i afrād-i fawt shuda chi kunīm?", Asriran News Website.
- ↑ Muʾassasat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī, Farhang-i fiqh, vol. 2, p. 453; Qiblaʾī Khūyī, Irth, p. 22.
- ↑ Ḥusaynī ʿĀmilī, Miftāḥ al-karāma, vol. 8, p. 89.
- ↑ Ḥusaynī ʿĀmilī, Miftāḥ al-karāma, vol. 8, p. 89; Āshtiyānī, Kitāb al-qaḍāʾ, vol. 1, p. 574.
- ↑ Muḥaqqiq al-Ardabīlī, Zubdat al-bayān, p. 649.
- ↑ Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī, Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām, vol. 4, p. 816; Mīrzā-yi Qummī, Jāmiʿ al-shatāt, vol. 2, p. 595.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Al-Khilāf, vol. 2, p. 144; Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, vol. 26, pp. 84-85.
- ↑ Najafī, Jawāhir al-kalām, vol. 26, p. 85; Mīrzā-yi Qummī, Jāmiʿ al-shatāt, vol. 2, p. 595.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Al-Khilāf, vol. 2, p. 144.
- ↑ Anṣārī, Al-Waṣāyā wa l-mawārīth, p. 201.
- ↑ Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī, Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām, vol. 4, p. 816; Mughniyya, Al-Fiqh ʿalā l-madhāhib al-khamsa, p. 496.
References
- "Bā sahām-i afrād-i fawt shuda chi kunīm?". Asriran News Website. Posted: 19 Shahrivar 1400 Sh. Accessed: 4 Aban 1404 Sh.
- "Intiqāl-i sīm kārt-i mutawaffā". Dādsoo Website. Posted: 26 Shahrivar 1404 Sh. Accessed: 4 Aban 1404 Sh.
- Anṣārī, Murtaḍā al-. Al-Waṣāyā wa l-mawārīth. Qom, Al-Muʾtamar al-ʿĀlamī bi-Munāsabat al-Dhikrā al-Miʾawiyya al-Thāniya li-Mīlād al-Shaykh al-Anṣārī, 1415 AH.
- Āshtiyānī, Muḥammad Ḥasan b. Jaʿfar. Kitāb al-qaḍāʾ. Tehran, Intishārāt-i Zuhayr-i Kungira-yi ʿAllāma Āshtiyānī, 1425 AH.
- Ḥusaynī ʿĀmilī, Sayyid Muḥammad Jawād al-. Miftāḥ al-karāma fī sharḥ qawāʿid al-ʿallāma. Beirut, Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt, n.d.
- Imām Khumaynī, Sayyid Rūḥ Allāh. Ḥāshīya bar risāla-yi irth-i Mullā Hāshim Khurāsānī. Tehran, Muʾassasa-yi Tanẓīm wa Nashr-i Āthār-i Imām Khumaynī, 1385 Sh.
- Imām Khumaynī, Sayyid Rūḥ Allāh. Taḥrīr al-wasīla. Najaf, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1390 AH.
- Mīrzā-yi Qummī, Abū l-Qāsim b. Ḥasan. Jāmiʿ al-shatāt. Tehran, Manshūrāt Sharikat al-Riḍwān, n.d.
- Muʾassasat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī. Farhang-i fiqh. Under the supervision of Sayyid Maḥmūd Hāshimī Shāhrūdī. Tehran, Muʾassasat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī, 1387 Sh.
- Mughniyya, Muḥammad Jawād. Al-Fiqh ʿalā l-madhāhib al-khamsa. Tehran, Muʾassasat al-Ṣādiq, 1374 Sh.
- Muḥaqqiq al-Ardabīlī, Aḥmad. Zubdat al-bayān fī aḥkām al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Al-Maktabat al-Murtaḍawiyya, n.d.
- Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī, Jaʿfar b. Ḥasan. Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām fī masāʾil al-ḥalāl wa l-ḥarām. Tehran, Intishārāt-i Istiqlāl, 1409 AH.
- Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan. Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1394 AH.
- Qiblaʾī Khūyī, Khalīl. Irth. Tehran, SAMT, 1381 Sh.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-. Al-Khilāf. Qom, Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1409 AH.