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Al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (a) (b. 3/625 - d. 50/670), known as Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba, was the second Imam of the Shi'a (40-50/661-670), the fifth caliph of the Muslim community for seven months, and regarded by some Sunnis as the last of the Rightly Guided Caliphs.
Al-Hasan b. Ali (a) was the first child of Ali (a) and Fatima (a) and the first grandson of the Prophet (s). It is reported that the Prophet (s) chose the name al-Hasan for him and that he greatly loved him. The first seven years of al-Hasan’s life were during the lifetime of the Prophet (s). He was present in the Allegiance of Ridwan and in the story of Mubahala between the Prophet (s) and the Christian delegate from Najran.
Shiite and Sunni sources contain numerous reports of al-Hasan's virtues. According to these reports, he was one of the People of the Cloak, about whom the Verse of Purity (Qur'an 33:33) was revealed. The verses 76:8, 42:23, and 3:61 were also revealed about him, his parents, and his brother. He gave all his wealth to charity twice, and because of such acts of generosity, he came to be called "The Generous One of the Family of the Prophet (s)". He went to hajj twenty-five times barefoot.
There is not much information about his life during the caliphate of Abu Bakr and Umar b. al-Khattab. It is reported that Umar appointed him as a witness in the six-member council that was to choose the third caliph. During the revolt at the end of Uthman's caliphate, he was tasked by Imam Ali (a) to protect the house of the caliph. During the caliphate of Imam Ali (a), al-Hasan (a) moved with his father to Kufa and was one of the commanders of his army in the battles of Jamal and Siffin......
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