Adam b. Muhammad al-Qalanisi al-Balkhi
Ādam b. Muḥammad al-Qalānisī al-Balkhī (Arabic: آدم بن محمد القلانسي البلخي) was a Shia narrator in the 3rd century AH. He was one of the Mashayikh (masters) of Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Kashshī, and Muhammad b. Mas'ud al-'Ayyashi also narrated Hadith from him. Al-Qalānisī al-Balkhī narrated from Imam al-Sadiq (a), Imam al-Rida (a), Imam al-Hasan al-Askari (a), and Imam al-Mahdi (a) through intermediaries such as 'Ali b. al-Hasan b. Harun al-Daqqaq, 'Ali b. Muhammad al-Qummi, and Muhammad b. Shadhan b. Na'im.
Biography
Adam b. Muhammad was born in the 3rd/9th century in Balkh. He is known as "al-Qalanisi" because he sold Qalansuwwa (a type of hat) for some time.[1] Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (773/1372 – 852/1449), the Sunni historian and scholar, mentioned al-Qalanisi's kunya as Abu Muḥammad in his book Lisan al-mizan.[2]
Similar Narrators
In rijal books, narrators whose names are similar to Adam b. Muhammad al-Qalanisi are also mentioned. Al-Shaykh al-Tusi (385/995 – 460/1067) mentioned a person named ʿAli b. Muhammad al-Qalanisi as a companion of Imam al-Jawad (a) in his Rijal,[3] and al-Shaykh al-Kulayni cited two narrations from him.[4]
Al-Kulayni also narrated a hadith from Imam al-Sadiq (a) through a person named Jaʿfar al-Qalanisi.[5] In Ithbat al-wasiyya, a hadith is recorded from Imam al-Hasan al-Askari (a) via Jaʿfar b. Muhammad al-Qalanisi.[6] Muhammad Baqir al-Bihbahani, in the marginalia of Manhaj al-maqal by Muhammad b. Ali al-Astarabadi, counted Ja'far b. Muhammad al-Qalanisi among the companions of Imam al-Hasan al-Askari (a).[7]
Reliability
Al-Shaykh al-Tusi listed Adam b. Muhammad al-Qalanisi among those who did not narrate directly from any Imam and wrote: "It is said that he believed in Tafwid", but he did not mention the source for this claim.[8] On the other hand, according to Abd Allah al-Mamaqani, a contemporary rijal scholar (1252/1873 – 1311/1932), the narration and reliance of two famous Shia scholars, al-Kashshi and al-'Ayyashi, on al-Qalanisi indicate his reliability, and the accusation of believing in Tafwiḍ is unknown and ineffective.[9]
Muhammad b. Mas'ud al-'Ayyashi (d. 320/932), the Shia scholar, narrated 3 traditions from al-Qalanisi al-Balkhi,[10] and his student Muhammad b. Umar al-Kashshi (d. ca. 340/951), the Shia hadith scholar and rijalist, narrated 6 traditions from him.[11]
Narrations
The hadiths narrated from Adam b. Muhammad al-Qalanisi are as follows:
- From Imam al-Sadiq (a): Muhammad b. Umar al-Kashshi narrated a tradition about Salman al-Farsi from al-Qalanisi al-Balkhi, who narrated from ʿAli b. al-Hasan b. Harun al-Daqqaq al-Nishaburi.[12]
- From Imam al-Rida (a): In Rijal al-Kashshi, Muhammad b. Umar al-Kashshi narrated 5 traditions from Adam b. Muhammad. These were narrated through 'Ali b. al-Hasan al-Daqqaq,[13] Ali b. Muhammad al-Qummi,[14] and Muhammad b. Shadhan b. Naʿim.[15] The topics of these propositions are blaming or praising Yunus b. Abd al-Rahman, Knowledge of Imam, and interpretation of a verse regarding the appearance of the Last Imam.[16]
- From Imam al-Hasan al-Askari (a): al-Shaykh al-Saduq in Kamal al-din narrated a tradition from Imam al-Askari (a) regarding the birth and imamate of Imam al-Mahdi (a) via Muzaffar b. Jaʿfar b. Muzaffar al-ʿAlawi al-Samarqandi. Among its narrators, Muhammad b. Mas'ud al-'Ayyashi heard from Adam b. Muhammad al-Balkhi, and he from ʿAli b. al-Hasan b. Harun al-Daqqaq.[17]
- From Imam al-Mahdi (a): Also in al-Shaykh al-Saduq's Kamal al-din, a narration and a Tawqi' from Imam al-Mahdi (a) are cited with the same chain of narrators as above. These two hadiths are about sneezing as a sign of safety from death and the prohibition of mentioning the name of Imam al-Mahdi in public gatherings.[18]
Notes
- ↑ Mawlawī, "Ādam b. Muḥammad al-Qalānisī al-Balkhī", vol. 1, p. 193.
- ↑ ʿAsqalānī, Lisān al-mīzān, 1971, vol. 1, p. 336.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 377.
- ↑ Kulaynī, Al-Kāfī, 1407 AH, vol. 4, pp. 191, 365.
- ↑ Kulaynī, Al-Kāfī, 1407 AH, vol. 4, pp. 191, 365.
- ↑ Masʿūdī, Ithbāt al-waṣiyya, 1384 Sh, vol. 1, p. 249.
- ↑ Astarābādī, Manhaj al-maqāl, 1422 AH, vol. 3, p. 233.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 407.
- ↑ Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, 1392 Sh, vol. 2, pp. 53-56.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, Kamāl al-dīn, 1395 AH, vol. 2, pp. 407, 441, 482.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl, 1348 Sh, vol. 1, pp. 18, 192, 487, 496, 533.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl, 1348 Sh, vol. 1, p. 18.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl, 1348 Sh, vol. 1, pp. 192, 487, 496.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl, 1348 Sh, vol. 1, p. 496.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl, 1348 Sh, vol. 1, p. 533.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl, 1348 Sh, vol. 1, pp. 192, 487, 496, 533.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, Kamāl al-dīn, 1395 AH, vol. 2, p. 407.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, Kamāl al-dīn, 1395 AH, vol. 2, pp. 441, 482.
References
- ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-. Lisān al-mīzān. Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1971.
- Astarābādī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Manhaj al-maqāl. Qom, Muʾassisa-yi Āl al-Bayt, 1422 AH.
- Khūʾī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth. Beirut, Dār al-Zahrāʾ, 1983.
- Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Kāfī. Tehran, Nashr-i Islāmiyya, 1407 AH.
- Māmaqānī, ʿAbd Allāh al-. Tanqīḥ al-maqāl. Qom, Muʾassisa-yi Āl al-Bayt, 1392 Sh.
- Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. Ithbāt al-waṣiyya. Qom, Anṣāriyān, 1384 Sh.
- Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Kamāl al-dīn wa tamām al-niʿma. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Fayyāḍ. Tehran, Nashr-i Islāmiyya, 1395 AH.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-. Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl. Mashhad, Mashhad University, 1348 Sh.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-. Rijāl al-Ṭūsī. Qom, Nashr-i Islāmī, 1373 Sh.