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Lubaba bt. al-Harith
Personal Information
Full NameLubaba bt. al-Harith b. Hazn b. Bujayr al-Hilaliyya
TeknonymUmm al-Fadl
EpithetLubaba al-Kubra
Well Known AsWife of al-'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib • Wet nurse of Imam al-Husayn (a)
LineageBanu Zahra
Well-Known RelativesMaymuna bt. al-Harith (sister) • Asma' bt. Umays (maternal sister) • 'Abd Allah b. 'Abbas (son) • 'Ubayd Allah b. 'Abbas (son)
Muhajir/AnsarMuhajirun
Place(s) of ResidenceMecca
Death32/652-3
Religious Information
Conversion to IslamThe first Muslim woman after Khadija (a)
Migration toMedina
Other ActivitiesConflict with Abu Lahab after the Battle of Badr • Informing Imam Ali (a) of the revolt of Aisha


Lubāba bt. al-Ḥārith b. Ḥazn (Arabic: لبابة بنت الحارث بن حزن), the wife of al-'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib, was a distinguished Arab woman and a Companion of the Prophet (s). Highly esteemed by the Prophet (s), she is the subject of various narrations extolling her virtues. Additionally, she is recognized as a Muhaddith (hadith transmitter) and a narrator of the Prophet's (s) traditions.

Lubaba holds the distinction of being the first woman to embrace Islam after Khadija (a). Historical accounts document her confrontation with Abu Lahab following the Battle of Badr, during which she inflicted a head wound upon him. She is also cited as the wet nurse of Imam al-Husayn (a). According to reports found in both Shi'a and Sunni sources, Lubaba dreamt that a portion of the Prophet's (s) body had entered her home. When she related this to the Prophet (s), he interpreted it as a harbinger of the birth of a child to Fatima al-Zahra (a)—named al-Husayn (a)—who would subsequently be raised in Lubaba's care.

Lubaba bore seven children, the most prominent being Fadl, 'Abd Allah, and 'Ubayd Allah. She was the sister of Maymuna (a wife of the Prophet) and the maternal sister of both Asma' bt. Umays (wife of Imam Ali (a)) and Salma bt. Umays (wife of Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib). It is recorded that she alerted Imam 'Ali (a) to the revolt organized by Aisha, Talha, and al-Zubayr.

Position in Islamic History

Lubaba bt. al-Harith b. Hazn b. Bujayr al-Hilaliyya[1], also known as Lubaba al-Kubra,[2][3] was a Companion[4] of the Prophet (s). She is regarded as the first female convert to Islam after Khadija (a),[5] accepting the faith concurrently with the onset of the Prophet's mission.[6] She migrated to Medina following the conversion of her husband, al-'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib.[7] Lubaba is acknowledged as a narrator of the Prophet's traditions[8] and a female Muhaddith.[9]

Sources describe Lubaba as a noble[10] and honorable figure,[11] frequently cited as the preeminent woman of her era.[12] She is categorized alongside other prominent Arab women such as Fatima bt. 'Amr, the mother of 'Abd Allah b. 'Abd al-Muttalib (the Prophet's father), and 'Atika bt. Murra, the mother of Hashim, 'Abd al-Shams, and al-Muttalib.[13] Some reports emphasize her piety, noting her practice of fasting two days a week.[14] Several sources record a poem by 'Abd Allah Yazid al-Hilali that praises Umm al-Fadl's character and lineage.[15] [16]

Respect of the Prophet (s) for Lubaba

Historical sources attest to the deep respect Prophet Muhammad (s) held for Lubaba; he frequently visited her home to rest.[17] A report in al-Tabaqat al-kubra, narrated from Zayd b. 'Ali b. al-Husayn, mentions that she combed the Prophet's hair and applied kohl to his eyes.[18]

A hadith attributed to the Prophet (s) identifies Lubaba and her sisters as true believers.[19] Consequently, she is counted among the "seven sisters of Paradise."[20] Similarly, Imam al-Baqir (a), in addition to praying for God's mercy upon her, identified her as one of the inhabitants of Paradise.[21]

Wet Nurse of Imam al-Husayn (a)

Lubaba is cited as the wet nurse of Imam al-Husayn (a), making her son Qutham his foster brother (milk-brother).[22] A narration widely reflected in both Shi'a[23] and Sunni[24] sources recounts that Lubaba dreamt a piece of the Prophet's (s) body was in her house. Distressed, she related the dream to the Prophet (s), who interpreted it as a good omen, foretelling the birth of a child to Fatima al-Zahra (a) who would be raised in Lubaba's care. He stated the child's name would be al-Husayn (a).[25]

However, some hadith collections assert that Imam al-Husayn (a) did not nurse from any woman—not even his mother—but was nourished solely from the Prophet's (s) thumb and tongue, suggesting his nature was derived directly from the Prophet's (s) being.[26] Consequently, some scholars believe Lubaba actually nursed Imam al-Hasan (a) with the milk of her son Qutham[27] and served as his wet nurse,[28] rather than al-Husayn's (a).

Actions

According to historical reports, following the announcement of the polytheists' defeat at the Battle of Badr, Abu Rafi' (the Prophet's servant) was assaulted by Abu Lahab. In defense of Abu Rafi', Lubaba struck Abu Lahab on the head with a tent pole.[29] Abu Lahab died seven days later, with some accounts attributing his death to the injury she inflicted.[30]

During the caliphate of Imam Ali (a), Lubaba dispatched a letter to the Imam detailing the activities of Talha, al-Zubayr, and Aisha, who were conspiring against him in Mecca.[31] She alerted him to their mobilization[32] and movement toward Basra for war.[33]

Narrator of Hadith

Lubaba transmitted numerous hadiths from the Prophet (s),[34] which are recorded in both Shi'a[35] and Sunni[36] sources. Her interactions and conversations with the Prophet (s) are also well-documented in Islamic literature.[37] It is estimated that 30[38] to 32[39] hadiths are attributed to her; three of these appear in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim,[40] with others found throughout the Sihah Sitta.[41]

Notable narrators who transmitted from her include 'Abd Allah b. 'Abbas, Tammam b. 'Abbas, 'Umayr b. al-Harith, Anas b. Malik, 'Abd Allah b. al-Harith b. Nawfal,[42] Qabus b. Abi l-Mukhariq, Kurayb, Shaddad Abu 'Ammar, Hind bt. Harith al-Khath'amiyya, and Shurahbil.[43] While Shi'a biographical scholars (Rijaliyun), following al-Shaykh al-Tusi, typically categorize her simply as a Companion of the Prophet without explicitly grading her reliability (withaqa), 'Abd Allah Mamaqani classifies her status as "Hasan" (good) in the transmission of hadith.[44]

Significant narrations cited from Lubaba include reports of the Prophet's (s) final prayer, in which he recited Surah al-Mursalat;[45] her advice to her son to recite that same Surah in prayer;[46] and her questioning of the Prophet (s) near the end of his life regarding the fate of his relatives, during which he indicated their future oppression.[47] Another poignant narration recounts that while Imam al-Husayn (a) sat in her lap, the Prophet (s) entered and, upon seeing the child, began to weep. When asked the reason, he replied: "Gabriel informed me that my community will martyr my son al-Husayn."[25] Additionally, a jurisprudential report concerning the Prophet's (s) method of purifying clothes soiled (mutanajjis) by the urine of a male infant is cited from her in Sunni sources.[48]

Family

Lubaba belonged to the Banu Zahra tribe,[49] was the wife of al-'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib,[50] and served as a Companion[4] and narrator of the Prophet's (s) hadiths.[8] Her Kunya was Umm al-Fadl,[51] and she was famously known by this name.[52] Her mother's name is recorded as Hind or Khawla bt. 'Awf b. Zuhayr,[53] or alternatively, Hind bt. 'Amr.[54]

She is reported to have died in 32/652-3,[55] preceding her husband al-'Abbas, during the caliphate of 'Uthman b. 'Affan.[56] However, conflicting reports suggest she may have been alive in 36/656, concurrent with the Battle of the Camel.[57]

Famous Relatives

Umm al-Fadl is said to have had one brother and six full sisters,[58] notably Maymuna (wife of the Prophet (s))[59] and Lubaba al-Sughra (mother of Khalid b. al-Walid).[60] She also had nine maternal sisters, including Asma' bt. Umays[61] (wife of Imam Ali (a))[62] and Salma bt. Umays[63] (wife of Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib).[64] Their mother was Hind bt. 'Awf al-Kinaniyya.[65]

Children

Umm al-Fadl bore seven children for al-'Abbas:[66] six sons—Fadl, 'Abd Allah, Ma'bad, 'Ubayd Allah, Qutham, and 'Abd al-Rahman[67]—and a daughter named Umm Habib.[68] It is claimed she was the mother of most of al-'Abbas's children,[69] or potentially even the entire lineage of Banu 'Abbas.[70] Researchers have noted in her praise that she bore six sons for al-'Abbas, a feat unmatched by other women of her time.[71]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 1907; Ḥusaynī, Al-Tadhkira bi-maʿrifat rijāl al-kutub al-ʿashara, 1418 AH, vol. 4, p. 2354; Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 3, p. 73.
  2. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 216; ʿAsqalānī, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, p. 299, 449; Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh Madīnat Dimashq, 1415 AH, vol. 37, p. 473; Aʿlamī Ḥāʾirī, Tarājim aʿlām al-nisāʾ, 1407 AH, vol. 1, p. 296.
  3. ↑ Some believe she was called Lubaba al-Kubra to distinguish her from her sister of the same name. (Ziriklī, Al-Aʿlām, 1989, vol. 5, p. 239). It is said this was in contrast to Lubaba bt. 'Ubayd Allah b. 'Abbas. (Namāzī Shāhrūdī, Mustadrakāt ʿilm rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1414 AH, vol. 8, p. 557.)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Nawawī, Tahdhīb al-asmāʾ, 1430 AH, p. 495.
  5. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 217; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 6, p. 253; Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 1413 AH, vol. 4, p. 287.
  6. ↑ Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, 1417 AH, vol. 4, p. 1.
  7. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 217.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ṭūsī, Rijāl al-Ṭūsī, 1373 Sh, p. 52; Taqī al-Dīn Ḥillī, Al-Rijāl, 1342 Sh, part 1, p. 410; Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 277; Ḥusaynī, Al-Tadhkira bi-maʿrifat rijāl al-kutub al-ʿashara, 1418 AH, vol. 4, p. 2354.
  9. ↑ Markaz-i Mudīriyyat-i Ḥawzahā-yi ʿIlmiyya-yi Khāharān, Bānuvān-i ʿālima wa āthār-i ānhā, 1379 Sh, p. 22.
  10. ↑ ʿAsqalānī, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, p. 450.
  11. ↑ Ziriklī, Al-Aʿlām, 1989, vol. 5, p. 239.
  12. ↑ Kaḥḥāla, Aʿlām al-nisāʾ, 1404 AH, vol. 4, p. 272.
  13. ↑ Ibn Ḥabīb, Al-Muḥabbar, p. 455.
  14. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 217.
  15. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 217; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 6, p. 253; Ziriklī, Al-Aʿlām, 1989, vol. 5, p. 239; ʿAlyārī Tabrīzī, Bahjat al-āmāl, 1412 AH, vol. 7, p. 569.
  16. ↑ The content of 'Abd Allah Yazid al-Hilali's poem is: "We know of no noble woman in any mountain or desert who has borne six children from her husband like Umm al-Fadl. What a good woman Umm al-Fadl is, and likewise her husband."
  17. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 217; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 1908; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 6, p. 253.
  18. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, pp. 217-218.
  19. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 217; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 1909; ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 12, p. 450.
  20. ↑ Ṣadūq, Al-Khiṣāl, 1362 Sh, vol. 2, p. 363.
  21. ↑ Ṣadūq, Al-Khiṣāl, 1362 Sh, vol. 2, p. 363; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, 1403 AH, vol. 22, p. 195.
  22. ↑ ʿAzīzī, Al-Ruwāt al-mushtarakūn, 1430 AH, vol. 2, p. 256.
  23. ↑ For example, see: Ṭabarī Āmulī, Dalāʾil al-imāma, 1413 AH, p. 179; Mufīd, Al-Irshād, 1413 AH, vol. 2, p. 129; Irbilī, Kashf al-ghumma, 1381 AH, vol. 2, p. 7; Ibn Namā Ḥillī, Muthīr al-aḥzān, 1406 AH, p. 16; ʿAzīzī, Al-Ruwāt al-mushtarakūn, 1430 AH, vol. 2, p. 256.
  24. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 218; Muṣʿab b. ʿAbd Allāh, Kitāb nasab Quraysh, 1999, p. 24; Abū Nuʿaym, Maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba, 1422 AH, vol. 3, p. 258; Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh Madīnat Dimashq, 1415 AH, vol. 14, p. 114; ʿAsqalānī, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, p. 450.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Ṭabarī Āmulī, Dalāʾil al-imāma, 1413 AH, p. 179; Mufīd, Al-Irshād, 1413 AH, vol. 2, p. 129; Irbilī, Kashf al-ghumma, 1381 AH, vol. 2, p. 7; Ibn Namā Ḥillī, Muthīr al-aḥzān, 1406 AH, p. 16.
  26. ↑ Kulaynī, Al-Kāfī, 1407 AH, vol. 1, p. 465; Ibn Qūlawayh, Kāmil al-ziyārāt, 1356 Sh, p. 57.
  27. ↑ Namāzī Shāhrūdī, Mustadrakāt ʿilm rijāl al-ḥadīth, 1414 AH, vol. 8, p. 557; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 1, p. 488.
  28. ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, 1403 AH, vol. 43, p. 242 quoting Ibn Qūlawayh's Al-ʿAdad; Amīnī, Aṣḥāb Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a), 1412 AH, vol. 2, p. 474.
  29. ↑ Shūshtarī, Qāmūs al-rijāl, 1410 AH, vol. 12, Al-Alqāb al-mansūba, p. 215.
  30. ↑ Ibn Shahrāshūb, Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib, 1379 AH, vol. 1, p. 75; Ziriklī, Al-Aʿlām, 1989, vol. 5, p. 239.
  31. ↑ Mufīd, Al-Kāfia, 1413 AH, p. 18.
  32. ↑ Ṭūsī, Al-Amālī, 1414 AH, p. 716; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, 1403 AH, vol. 32, pp. 69-70.
  33. ↑ Ibn Aʿtham, Al-Futūḥ, 1411 AH, vol. 2, p. 456; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, 1387 AH, vol. 4, p. 451.
  34. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 1908.
  35. ↑ For example, see: Ṭūsī, Al-Amālī, 1414 AH, p. 385; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, 1409 AH, vol. 2, p. 449.
  36. ↑ For example, see: Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 6, p. 254; Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, Khāmisa 1, p. 374; Ṣāliḥī al-Shāmī, Subul al-hudā, 1414 AH, vol. 8, p. 22.
  37. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, pp. 217-218.
  38. ↑ Nawawī, Tahdhīb al-asmāʾ, 1430 AH, p. 495; Ziriklī, Al-Aʿlām, 1989, vol. 5, p. 239.
  39. ↑ Ṭabarānī, Al-Muʿjam al-kabīr, 1405 AH, vol. 25, pp. 17-28.
  40. ↑ Nawawī, Tahdhīb al-asmāʾ, 1430 AH, p. 495; Ziriklī, Al-Aʿlām, 1989, vol. 5, p. 239.
  41. ↑ Gharawī Nāyīnī, Muḥaddithāt-i Shīʿa, 1375 Sh, p. 93.
  42. ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 6, p. 254; Ḥusaynī, Al-Tadhkira bi-maʿrifat rijāl al-kutub al-ʿashara, 1418 AH, vol. 4, p. 2354; ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 12, p. 449.
  43. ↑ Gharawī Nāyīnī, Muḥaddithāt-i Shīʿa, 1375 Sh, p. 91.
  44. ↑ Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 3, p. 73.
  45. ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 6, p. 254; ʿAlyārī Tabrīzī, Bahjat al-āmāl, 1412 AH, vol. 7, p. 569.
  46. ↑ Abū Nuʿaym, Maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba, 1422 AH, vol. 5, p. 302.
  47. ↑ Ṭūsī, Al-Amālī, 1414 AH, p. 122; Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, pp. 217-218.
  48. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, Khāmisa 1, p. 374; Ṣāliḥī al-Shāmī, Subul al-hudā, 1414 AH, vol. 8, p. 22.
  49. ↑ Ibn Ḥabīb, Al-Muḥabbar, p. 409.
  50. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 217; ʿAsqalānī, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, p. 299, 449; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 1908; Amīn, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, 1403 AH, vol. 3, p. 483.
  51. ↑ Ibn Qutayba, Al-Maʿārif, 1992, p. 137; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, 1417 AH, vol. 1, p. 447; Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, vol. 3, p. 73.
  52. ↑ ʿAsqalānī, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, p. 299; Ziriklī, Al-Aʿlām, 1989, vol. 5, p. 239; Gharawī Nāyīnī, Muḥaddithāt-i Shīʿa, 1375 Sh, p. 90.
  53. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 217; Gharawī Nāyīnī, Muḥaddithāt-i Shīʿa, 1375 Sh, p. 90.
  54. ↑ Ibn Qutayba, Al-Maʿārif, 1992, p. 137.
  55. ↑ Gharawī Nāyīnī, Muḥaddithāt-i Shīʿa, 1375 Sh, p. 90.
  56. ↑ ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 12, p. 450.
  57. ↑ Ibn Aʿtham, Al-Futūḥ, 1411 AH, vol. 2, p. 456; Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk, 1387 AH, vol. 4, p. 451; Mufīd, Al-Kāfia, 1413 AH, p. 18; Ṭūsī, Al-Amālī, 1414 AH, p. 716.
  58. ↑ ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 12, pp. 449-450.
  59. ↑ Ibn Ḥabīb, Al-Muḥabbar, p. 409; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 6, p. 253; Nawawī, Tahdhīb al-asmāʾ, 1430 AH, p. 495.
  60. ↑ ʿAsqalānī, Al-Iṣāba, 1415 AH, vol. 8, p. 299; Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 1909; Nawawī, Tahdhīb al-asmāʾ, 1430 AH, p. 495.
  61. ↑ ʿAlyārī Tabrīzī, Bahjat al-āmāl, 1412 AH, vol. 7, p. 569.
  62. ↑ Muqaddamī Baṣrī, Al-Tārīkh wa asmāʾ al-muḥaddithīn, 1428 AH, pp. 188-189; ʿAlyārī Tabrīzī, Bahjat al-āmāl, 1412 AH, vol. 7, p. 569.
  63. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 1908.
  64. ↑ ʿAlyārī Tabrīzī, Bahjat al-āmāl, 1412 AH, vol. 7, p. 569.
  65. ↑ Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 6, p. 253; ʿAsqalānī, Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb, 1325 AH, vol. 12, p. 449; ʿAlyārī Tabrīzī, Bahjat al-āmāl, 1412 AH, vol. 7, p. 569.
  66. ↑ Ziriklī, Al-Aʿlām, 1989, vol. 5, p. 239.
  67. ↑ Ibn Ḥabīb, Al-Muḥabbar, p. 409; Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, 1417 AH, vol. 1, p. 447; Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, ʿUyūn al-athar, 1414 AH, vol. 2, p. 362; Nawawī, Tahdhīb al-asmāʾ, 1430 AH, p. 495.
  68. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, 1410 AH, vol. 8, p. 217.
  69. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 1908.
  70. ↑ Aḥmadī Miyānjī, Makātīb al-aʾimma, 1426 AH, vol. 2, p. 316.
  71. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Al-Istīʿāb, 1412 AH, vol. 4, p. 1908; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, 1409 AH, vol. 6, p. 253; Nawawī, Tahdhīb al-asmāʾ, 1430 AH, p. 495.

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