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Draft:Qur'an 4:28

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Qur'an 4:28
Verse's Information
Suraal-Nisa' (Qur'an 4)
Verse28
Juz'5
AboutGod making the Shari'a obligations easy and man's weakness against worldly pleasures
Related VersesQur'an 2:185, Qur'an 22:78


Qur'an 4:28 refers to rulings related to women, especially the permission for marriage to slave women.[1] Shaykh al-Tusi, in the exegesis al-Tibyān, believes that humans are weak in matters related to women, and the permission to marry a slave woman reduces these difficulties.[2]

Some Shia exegetes such as al-Tabrisī[3] and Shubbar,[4] as well as some Sunni exegetes including al-Zamakhsharī[5] and al-Tha'labī,[6] while considering the lightening of burdens in the verse in a general sense, have emphasized the verse's indication of lightening the issue of marriage to slave women.

Nasir Makarem Shirazi, among the Shia exegetes, believes that the ruling on the freedom of marriage with slave women under certain conditions is in fact considered a type of reduction and lightening; because man is a weak being and the force of instinct exerts much pressure on him.[7] 'Allama Tabataba'i, a Shia exegete, believes that God has placed the power of lust in man which always conflicts with him. For this reason, man has been helped so that through marriage, some lusts become Halal for him.[8]

Some exegetes have considered this verse general and regarding all the rulings of the Shari'a, believing that all the rulings that have been made easy for us are a favor from God.[9] The possibility has also been raised that the purpose of reduction and lightening in the verse is the acceptance of repentance and the success (tawfiq) in performing repentance.[10]

The concluding point of Qur'an 4:28, "man was created weak," is considered the reason for God's lightening for humans.[11] This weakness means weakness against the temptations of lust[12] and the inclination to follow carnal desires, not weakness in creation.[13] Some Shia exegetes[14] and Sunni exegetes[15] have considered man's weakness to be in enduring the hardships of servitude and the lack of patience against lust. Mughniyya believes that man is weak in resisting pleasures, especially sexual pleasure.[16] al-Tabrisi raised the possibility that man's weakness is especially in matters related to women.[17]

Muhammad Husayn Faḍl Allāh believes that some interpretations of this verse strengthen the feeling of weakness in man, while man has the necessary talent and ability to face these challenges. He considers the Shari'a a program that brings man to guidance and strength, and man's weakness relates to providing paths suitable to his abilities and facilities.[18]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majma' al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 3, p. 58.
  2. ↑ Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, Beirut, vol. 3, p. 177.
  3. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majma' al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 3, p. 58.
  4. ↑ Shubbar, Tafsīr al-Qur'ān al-karīm, 1412 AH, p. 113.
  5. ↑ al-Zamakhsharī, al-Kashshāf, 1407 AH, vol. 1, p. 501.
  6. ↑ al-Tha'labī al-Naysābūrī, al-Kashf wa l-bayān, 1422 AH, vol. 3, p. 291.
  7. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 3, p. 354.
  8. ↑ Ṭabāṭabā'ī, al-Mīzān, 1417 AH, vol. 4, p. 282.
  9. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majma' al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 3, p. 58; Fakhr al-Rāzī, Mafātīḥ al-ghayb, 1420 AH, vol. 10, p. 55.
  10. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majma' al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 3, p. 58.
  11. ↑ Ṭayyib, Aṭyab al-bayān, 1378 Sh, vol. 4, p. 60.
  12. ↑ Fakhr al-Rāzī, Mafātīḥ al-ghayb, 1420 AH, vol. 10, p. 55.
  13. ↑ Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, Beirut, vol. 3, p. 177.
  14. ↑ Fayḍ Kāshānī, Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī, 1415 AH, vol. 1, p. 442.
  15. ↑ al-Zamakhsharī, al-Kashshāf, 1407 AH, vol. 1, p. 501.
  16. ↑ Mughniyya, Tafsīr al-Kāshif, 1424 AH, vol. 2, p. 302.
  17. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majma' al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 3, p. 58.
  18. ↑ Faḍl Allāh, Tafsīr min waḥy al-Qur'ān, 1419 AH, vol. 7, p. 198.

References

  • al-Tha'labī al-Naysābūrī, Aḥmad b. Ibrāhīm, al-Kashf wa l-bayān 'an tafsīr al-Qur'ān, Beirut, Dār Iḥyā' al-Turāth al-'Arabī, first edition, 1422 AH.
  • al-Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd, al-Kashshāf 'an ḥaqā'iq ghawāmiḍ al-tanzīl, Beirut, Dār al-Kitāb al-'Arabī, third edition, 1407 AH.
  • Shubbar, Sayyid 'Abd Allāh, Tafsīr al-Qur'ān al-karīm, Beirut, Dār al-Balāgha li-l-Ṭibā'a wa l-Nashr, first edition, 1412 AH.
  • Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan, al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qur'ān, introduction by Shaykh Āqā Buzurg Ṭihrānī, research by Aḥmad Qaṣīr 'Āmilī, Dār Iḥyā' al-Turāth al-'Arabī, Beirut, n.d.
  • Ṭabāṭabā'ī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn, al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qur'ān, Qom, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, fifth edition, 1417 AH.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan, Majma' al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qur'ān, introduction by Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī, Tehran, Nasir Khusraw, third edition, 1372 Sh.
  • Ṭayyib, Sayyid 'Abd al-Ḥusayn, Aṭyab al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qur'ān, Tehran, Intishārāt-i Islām, second edition, 1378 Sh.
  • Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. 'Umar, Mafātīḥ al-ghayb, Beirut, Dār Iḥyā' al-Turāth al-'Arabī, third edition, 1420 AH.
  • Faḍl Allāh, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn, Tafsīr min waḥy al-Qur'ān, Beirut, Dār al-Malāk li-l-Ṭibā'a wa l-Nashr, second edition, 1419 AH.
  • Fayḍ Kāshānī, Mullā Muḥsin, Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī, research by Ḥusayn A'lamī, Tehran, Intishārāt al-Ṣadr, second edition, 1415 AH.
  • Mughniyya, Muḥammad Jawād, Tafsīr al-Kāshif, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, first edition, 1424 AH.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir, Tafsīr-i nimūna, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, first edition, 1374 Sh.
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