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Draft:Verse 13 of Sura al-Mumtahana

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Verse 13 of Sura al-Mumtahana
Verse's Information
SuraSura al-Mumtahana (Qur'an 60)
Verse13
Juz'28
Content Information
Cause of
Revelation		Connection of some Muslim poor with the Jews
Place of
Revelation		Medina
AboutProhibition of friendship with people who incurred God's wrath
Related VersesQur'an 60:1


Qur'an 60:13 warns the believers to distance themselves from those upon whom God has become angry (enemies of God).[1] The reason for this command is also because they do not believe in the resurrection and life after death.[2] This verse, which is among the Madani verses,[3] is considered as a summary of the previous verses[4] and directed towards Qur'an 60:1 in which it is stated: "O believers! Do not take My enemy and your enemy as friends."[5]

The cause of revelation of this verse has been considered related to a group of poor Muslims who took the news of the Islamic society to the Jews and, in return, received from the fruits of their trees.[6] This verse was revealed and forbade them from connection and friendship with the Jews.[7]

The meaning of despair of the Hereafter has been considered despair of the reward of the Hereafter,[8] some have also considered its meaning as despair of the power, wisdom, and justice of God;[9] because someone who does not accept the Hereafter has reached a dead end and has no reason to remain in the world.[10]

Exegetes have clarified that those upon whom God has become angry are the Jewish people.[11] But some exegetes consider it to include hypocrites, disbelievers, and polytheists,[12] or even those who have rebelled against the prophets.[13] 'Abd al-Husayn Tayyib believes that the meaning is those who have usurped the caliphate of the Prophet (s).[14] Muhammad Taqi al-Mudarrisi, one of the marja's of taqlid, also believes that anyone whose actions cause God's wrath, even from within the Islamic society, may be included in this wrath.[15]

Regarding the "disbelievers" and their despair, some exegetes have limited it to the polytheists of Mecca,[16] while the author of Majma' al-bayan interprets the despair of the disbelievers as despair of the resurrection of the dead in the Hereafter.[17] Some others also consider it to be the despair of the disbelievers from receiving any news about the dead.[18]

Notes

  1. ↑ Mughniya, al-Tafsīr al-kāshif, 1424/2003-4, vol. 7, p. 310.
  2. ↑ Mughniya, al-Tafsīr al-kāshif, 1424/2003-4, vol. 7, p. 310.
  3. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1417/1996-7, vol. 19, p. 225.
  4. ↑ Khāmanaʾī, Bayān-i Qurʾān, 1399 Sh/2020-1, p. 83.
  5. ↑ Qummī, Tafsīr al-Qummī, 1404/1983-4, vol. 2, p. 364; Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh/1993-4, vol. 9, p. 415.
  6. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh/1993-4, vol. 9, p. 415.
  7. ↑ Wāḥidī, Asbāb nuzūl al-Qurʾān, 1411/1990-1, p. 445.
  8. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh/1993-4, vol. 9, p. 415; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1417/1996-7, vol. 19, p. 243.
  9. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1388 Sh/2009-10, vol. 9, p. 596.
  10. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1388 Sh/2009-10, vol. 9, p. 596.
  11. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1417/1996-7, vol. 19, p. 243; Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh/1995-6, vol. 24, p. 51; Faḍl Allāh, Min waḥy al-Qurʾān, 1419/1998-9, vol. 22, p. 172.
  12. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh/1995-6, vol. 24, p. 51; Mudarrisī, Min hudā l-Qurʾān, 1419/1998-9, vol. 15, p. 329.
  13. ↑ Faḍl Allāh, Min waḥy al-Qurʾān, 1419/1998-9, vol. 22, p. 172.
  14. ↑ Ṭayyib, Aṭyab al-bayān, 1378 Sh/1999-2000, vol. 12, p. 506.
  15. ↑ Mudarrisī, Min hudā l-Qurʾān, 1419/1998-9, vol. 15, p. 329.
  16. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1417/1996-7, vol. 19, p. 243.
  17. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh/1993-4, vol. 9, p. 413.
  18. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh/1993-4, vol. 9, p. 415.

References

  • Faḍl Allāh, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Tafsīr min waḥy al-Qurʾān. Beirut, Dār al-Malāk, 1419/1998-9.
  • Khāmanaʾī, Sayyid ʿAlī. Bayān-i Qurʾān (Tafsīr-i Sūra-yi Mumtaḥana). Tehran, Daftar-i Ḥifẓ wa Nashr-i Āthār-i Ḥaḍrat-i Āyat Allāh Khāmanaʾī, Intishārāt-i Inqilāb-i Islāmī, 1399 Sh/2020-1.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1374 Sh/1995-6.
  • Mudarrisī, Sayyid Muḥammad Taqī. Min hudā l-Qurʾān. Tehran, Dār Muḥibbī l-Ḥusayn, 1419/1998-9.
  • Mughniya, Muḥammad Jawād. Al-Tafsīr al-kāshif. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1424/2003-4.
  • Qarāʾatī, Muḥsin. Tafsīr-i nūr. Tehran, Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Darshāyī az Qurʾān, 1388 Sh/2009-10.
  • Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. Tafsīr al-Qummī. Researched by Sayyid Ṭayyib Mūsawī Jazāʾirī. Qum, Dār al-Kitāb, 1404/1983-4.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Qum, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1417/1996-7.
  • Ṭabarsī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. With an introduction by Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī. Tehran, Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh/1993-4.
  • Ṭayyib, Sayyid ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. Aṭyab al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Intishārāt-i Islām, 1378 Sh/1999-2000.
  • Wāḥidī, ʿAlī b. Aḥmad al-. Asbāb nuzūl al-Qurʾān. Researched by Kamāl Basyūnī Zaghlūl. Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1411/1990-1.
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