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Draft:Verse 199 of Sura al-A'raf

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Verse 199 of Sura al-A'raf
Verse's Information
Suraal-A'raf (Qur'an 7)
Verse199
Juz'9
AboutAdopting forgiveness, enjoining good, turning away from the ignorant


Qur'an 7:199 outlines three fundamental directives for the Prophet (s)[1]: to forgive others and accept their apologies, to enjoin righteous deeds, and to turn away from the ignorant.[2] According to Imam al-Sadiq (a), these three principles encapsulate the goodness of both this world and the Hereafter.[3] Furthermore, a narration from Imam al-Sadiq (a) cites this verse to illustrate how God morally disciplined and educated the Prophet (s).[4]

The verse begins with the injunction to "Adopt forgiveness,"[5] whereby God commands His Prophet to exercise clemency in his interactions with others.[6] Exegetes interpret this forgiveness as demonstrating leniency and refraining from spying on individuals' private affairs, whether concerning the rights of God (Haqq Allah) or the rights of people (Haqq al-nas).[7] A tradition attributed to Imam al-Rida (a) references the opening of Qur'an 7:199 to emphasize that God mandated tolerance and forbearance for His Prophet.[8] Certain scholars posit that "forgiveness" in this context denotes an overarching attitude of approachability, advising against excessive severity when expounding upon Islamic law and jurisprudential rulings.[9] Alternatively, some commentators have interpreted this forgiveness as pertaining to financial leniency,[10] though this viewpoint has been contested by other authorities.[11]

Verse 199 of Sura al-A'raf in Thuluth script.

Regarding the phrase "wa'mur bi-l-'urf" (and enjoin what is good),[12] exegetes have defined al-'urf as any righteous deed that yields benefit and moral rectitude.[13] It encompasses actions deemed inherently good by human intellect that are not simultaneously condemned by the Shari'a.[14] The prominent Shi'a scholar and exegete 'Allama Tabataba'i posited that al-'urf refers to the virtuous customs and ethical behaviors universally recognized and practiced by rational people.[15]

The final segment of the verse commands: "turn away from the ignorant."[16] This directive is understood as an instruction to exercise patience when confronted by foolishness,[17] avoiding unnecessary conflict with ignorant individuals.[18] Thematically, this approach is viewed as the most effective method for neutralizing the negative impact of ignorance and minimizing the ensuing social corruption.[19] The contemporary Shi'a scholar and exegete Makarim Shirazi asserts that engaging in disputes with fanatics or those lacking ethical and intellectual maturity is counterproductive; instead, the optimal response entails tolerance, patience, and a deliberate disregard for their provocations.[20]

Notes

  1. ↑ Jaʿfarī, Kawthar, 1376 Sh, vol. 4, p. 303.
  2. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 7, p. 61.
  3. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Amālī, Beirut, p. 644.
  4. ↑ ʿAyyāshī, Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, 1380 AH, vol. 2, p. 43.
  5. ↑ Qur'an 7:199.
  6. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, Beirut, vol. 5, p. 62.
  7. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, Beirut, vol. 5, p. 62.
  8. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, 1407 AH, vol. 2, p. 242.
  9. ↑ Mughniyya, al-Tafsīr al-mubīn, Qom, p. 225.
  10. ↑ Muqātil b. Sulaymān, Tafsīr Muqātil b. Sulaymān, 1423 AH, vol. 2, p. 81.
  11. ↑ Najafī Khumaynī, Tafsīr-i āsān, 1398 AH, vol. 6, p. 42.
  12. ↑ Qur'an 7:199.
  13. ↑ Mughniyya, al-Tafsīr al-mubīn, Qom, p. 225.
  14. ↑ Ṭabrsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 4, p. 787.
  15. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1417 AH, vol. 8, p. 380.
  16. ↑ Qur'an 7:199.
  17. ↑ Mughniyya, al-Tafsīr al-mubīn, Qom, p. 225.
  18. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 7, p. 63.
  19. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1417 AH, vol. 8, p. 380.
  20. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 7, p. 63.

References

  • Jaʿfarī, Yaʿqūb, Kawthar, Qom, Hijrat, 1st edition, 1376/1997.
  • Ḥusaynī Shīrāzī, Sayyid Muḥammad, Tabyīn al-Qurʾān, Beirut, Dār al-ʿUlūm, 2nd edition, 1423/2002.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan, al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, intro. Shaykh Āghā Buzurg Tihrānī, ed. Aḥmad Qaṣīr ʿĀmilī, Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn, al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Qom, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 5th edition, 1417/1996.
  • Ṭabrsī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan, Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, intro. Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī, Tehran, Nāṣir Khusraw, 3rd edition, 1372/1993.
  • ʿAyyāshī, Muḥammad b. Masʿūd, al-Tafsīr, ed. Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥallātī, Tehran, al-Maṭbaʿat al-ʿIlmiyya, 1st edition, 1380/1960.
  • Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb, al-Kāfī, ed. ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī and Muḥammad Ākhūndī, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 4th edition, 1407/1987.
  • Mughniyya, Muḥammad Jawād, al-Tafsīr al-mubīn, Qom, Bunyād-i Biʿthat, n.d.
  • Muqātil b. Sulaymān, Tafsīr Muqātil b. Sulaymān, ed. ʿAbd Allāh Maḥmūd Shaḥāta, Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1st edition, 1423/2002.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir, Tafsīr-i namūna, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1st edition, 1374/1995.
  • Najafī Khumaynī, Muḥammad Jawād, Tafsīr-i āsān, Tehran, Intishārāt-i Islāmiyya, 1st edition, 1398/1978.
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