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Draft:Verse 200 of Sura al-A'raf

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Verse 200 of Sura al-A'raf
Verse's Information
Suraal-A'raf (Qur'an 7)
Verse200
Juz'9
TopicEthical
AboutSeeking refuge in God during Satan's temptation
Related VersesQur'an 41:36


Qur'an 7:200 issues a divine command directing believers to seek refuge in God and entrust themselves to Him whenever Satan whispers temptations.[1]

Certain exegetes maintain that while the verse ostensibly addresses the Prophet (s),[2] its true intended audience is the Muslim ummah (community). This interpretation is predicated on the theological doctrine that the Prophet possesses infallibility[3] and is thus impervious to Satanic temptations.[4] Therefore, the directive serves primarily as an instructive model for his followers.[5] Conversely, other scholars posit that while the Prophet of Islam is indeed infallible, the Infallibles are still subjected to Satan's enticements;[6] however, they steadfastly resist these allurements and never deviate from the path of truth.[7]

Various Shi'a[8] and Sunni[9] sources record that following the revelation of Qur'an 7:199—which instructed the Prophet to turn away from the ignorant—the Prophet inquired about how to manage the natural human anger provoked by such ignorant behavior. In response, Qur'an 7:200 was revealed, commanding him to seek refuge in God against Satan's incitements.

The thematic content of this verse is mirrored in Qur'an 41:36. However, in Sura Fussilat, the pronoun huwa is added to the phrase innahu huwa sami'un 'alim for rhetorical emphasis,[10] a linguistic feature absent in Qur'an 7:200.[11] Contextually, Qur'an 7:200 directly follows the injunction to turn away from the ignorant.[12][13] In contrast, Sura Fussilat commands believers to "Repel [evil] with what is best"[14] and to engage opponents optimally in order to inspire positive change.[15] It then cautions that if Satan tempts one to retaliate maliciously against an enemy, they should immediately seek divine sanctuary.[16]

Linguistically, the term nazgh in this verse denotes Satan's temptations,[17] which subtly drag an individual toward committing sins.[18] The verb form yanzaghannaka implies the absolute inevitability of these temptations, as it is suffixed with the Arabic nun of emphasis.[19] Furthermore, the use of a present-tense verb highlights the continuous and permanent nature of Satanic interference.[20] The imperative phrase fasta'idh bi-Allah directs the believer to seek God's protection.[21] Exegetes clarify that genuinely seeking refuge transcends merely uttering the incantation "a'udhu bi-Allah" (I seek refuge in God); rather, it necessitates establishing a profound spiritual connection and wholeheartedly entrusting oneself to the Divine.[22]

Notes

  1. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 7, p. 63.
  2. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1417 AH, vol. 8, p. 381.
  3. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1417 AH, vol. 8, p. 381.
  4. ↑ Ṭayyib, Aṭyab al-bayān, 1378 Sh, vol. 6, p. 62.
  5. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1417 AH, vol. 8, p. 381; Ṭayyib, Aṭyab al-bayān, 1378 Sh, vol. 6, p. 62.
  6. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1383 Sh, vol. 4, p. 256.
  7. ↑ Jaʿfarī, Kawthar, 1376 Sh, vol. 4, p. 304.
  8. ↑ Ṭabrsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 4, p. 788.
  9. ↑ Qurṭubī, al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān, 1364 Sh, vol. 7, p. 347.
  10. ↑ Ṣāfī, al-Jadwal fī iʿrāb al-Qurʾān, 1418 AH, vol. 24, p. 311.
  11. ↑ Ṭayyib, Aṭyab al-bayān, 1378 Sh, vol. 11, p. 435.
  12. ↑ Qur'an 7:199.
  13. ↑ Ṭabrsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 4, p. 788.
  14. ↑ Qur'an 41:34.
  15. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1383 Sh, vol. 10, p. 344.
  16. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1383 Sh, vol. 10, p. 344.
  17. ↑ Wāsiṭī Zubaydī, Tāj al-ʿarūs, 1414 AH, vol. 12, p. 65.
  18. ↑ Ṭurayḥī, Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn, 1375 Sh, vol. 5, p. 17.
  19. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1383 Sh, vol. 4, p. 256.
  20. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1383 Sh, vol. 4, p. 256.
  21. ↑ Madanī Shīrāzī, al-Ṭirāz al-awwal, 1384 Sh, vol. 6, p. 417.
  22. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, 1383 Sh, vol. 4, p. 256.

References

  • "Jalase-yi dars-i akhlāq (1391/11/26)", Website of Ayatollah Jawadi Amuli.
  • Jaʿfarī, Yaʿqūb, Kawthar, Qom, Hijrat, 1st edition, 1376/1997.
  • Ṣāfī, Maḥmūd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥīm, al-Jadwal fī iʿrāb al-Qurʾān, Damascus, Dār al-Rashīd, Muʾassasat al-Īmān, 1418/1997-98.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn, al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Qom, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 5th edition, 1417/1996-97.
  • Ṭabrsī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan, Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, intro. Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī, Tehran, Nāṣir Khusraw, 3rd edition, 1372/1993-94.
  • Ṭurayḥī, Fakhr al-Dīn, Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn, ed. Sayyid Aḥmad Ḥusaynī, Tehran, Kitābfurūshī-yi Murtaḍawī, 3rd edition, 1375/1996.
  • Ṭayyib, Sayyid ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn, Aṭyab al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, Tehran, Intishārāt-i Islām, 1378/1999-2000.
  • Qarāʾatī, Muḥsin, Tafsīr-i nūr, Tehran, Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Darshāyī az Qurʾān, 11th edition, 1383/2004-05.
  • Qurṭubī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān, Tehran, Nāṣir Khusraw, 1st edition, 1364/1985-86.
  • Madanī Shīrāzī, ʿAlī Khān b. Aḥmad, al-Ṭirāz al-awwal wa l-kināz limā ʿalayhi min lughat al-ʿarab al-muʿawwal, Mashhad, Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt (a) li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1st edition, 1384/2005-06.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir, Tafsīr-i namūna, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1st edition, 1374/1995-96.
  • Wāsiṭī Zubaydī, Muḥibb al-Dīn Sayyid Muḥammad Murtaḍā, Tāj al-ʿarūs min jawāhir al-qāmūs, ed. ʿAlī Shīrī, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1st edition, 1414/1993-94.
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