Draft:Verse 29 of Sura al-Mutaffifin
 | |
| Verse's Information | |
|---|---|
| Sura | Sura al-Mutaffifin (Qur'an 83) |
| Verse | 29 |
| Juz' | 30 |
| About | Criminals laughing and mocking the believers |
Qur'an 83:29 states that criminals laugh at believers and mock them.[1] In the following verses, it is also mentioned that on the Day of Resurrection, believers will laugh at the disbelievers.[2] The purpose of these verses is considered to be providing comfort and strengthening the morale of believers.[3] Some exegetes believe that such behaviors exist in the contemporary era as well, and some individuals mock believers with expressions such as "old-fashioned" (ummal) and "reactionary" (kuhna-parast).[4]
| “ | إِنَّ الَّذِينَ أَجْرَمُوا كَانُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا يَضْحَكُونَ
|
” |
| “ | Indeed the guilty used to laugh at the faithful,
|
” |
| — Qur'an 83:29 | ||
Regarding the cause of the laughter, possibilities such as poverty,[5] faith,[6] seriousness in performing worship and belief in the resurrection of the dead[7] have been mentioned. 'Allama Tabataba'i, a Shi'a exegete, believes that based on the context of the verse, the meaning of "those who believed" is the righteous (abrar).[8]
Qur'an 83:29 is the beginning of the expression of four inappropriate behaviors of criminals against believers.[9] Qur'an 83:29 speaks of criminals laughing at believers. Qur'an 83:30 states that when believers passed by disbelievers, they would mock believers with their eyes and eyebrows to one another.[10] Qur'an 83:31 mentions another instance that when hypocrites went to their families, they would rejoice over what they had done.[11] Finally, in Qur'an 83:32, it mentions the fourth instance that when they saw the believers, they called them astray.[12]
Two causes of revelation have been narrated for Qur'an 83:29 and its following verses:
- Some Shi'a[13] and Sunni[14] exegetes have narrated that Imam 'Ali (a) was walking along with a number of Muslims. Hypocrites saw them, laughed at them, and mocked them. Then they went to their friends and said, "We saw the bald one (asla')," and laughed. Then these verses of Sura al-Mutaffifin were revealed. Some exegetes have considered the probability of the verse's revelation due to this cause to be stronger.[15]
- There were some companions of the Prophet of Islam, such as 'Ammar and Bilal, who were mocked and ridiculed by polytheists such as Abu Jahl and al-Walid b. al-Mughira, and these verses were revealed for them.[16]
Notes
- ↑ Ṭayyib, Aṭyab al-bayān, 1378 Sh/1999-2000, vol. 14, p. 44.
- ↑ Sura al-Muṭaffifīn, verse 34.
- ↑ Fakhr al-Rāzī, Mafātīḥ al-ghayb, 1420/1999-2000, vol. 31, p. 94.
- ↑ Ṭayyib, Aṭyab al-bayān, 1378 Sh/1999-2000, vol. 14, p. 45.
- ↑ Qummī Mashhadī, Tafsīr-i kanz al-daqāʾiq, 1368 Sh/1989-90, vol. 14, p. 192.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1417/1996-7, vol. 20, p. 239.
- ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh/1993-4, vol. 10, p. 693.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, 1417/1996-7, vol. 20, p. 239.
- ↑ Sura al-Mutaffifin verses 29 to 36 / Sarcasms of criminals to believers, Tebyan website.
- ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh/1993-4, vol. 10, p. 693.
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh/1995-6, vol. 26, p. 285.
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh/1995-6, vol. 26, p. 286.
- ↑ Mudarrisī, Min hudā l-Qurʾān, 1419/1998-9, vol. 17, p. 428.
- ↑ Fakhr al-Rāzī, Mafātīḥ al-ghayb, 1420/1999-2000, vol. 31, p. 94.
- ↑ Mudarrisī, Min hudā l-Qurʾān, 1419/1998-9, vol. 17, p. 428.
- ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, 1403/1982-3, vol. 8, p. 115; Fakhr al-Rāzī, Mafātīḥ al-ghayb, 1420/1999-2000, vol. 31, p. 94.
References
- Burūjirdī, Muṣṭafā. Tafsīr-i shams. Qum, Būstān-i Kitāb, 1397 Sh/2018-19.
- Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar. Mafātīḥ al-ghayb. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1420/1999-2000.
- Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir. Biḥār al-anwār. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403/1982-3.
- Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1374 Sh/1995-6.
- Mudarrisī, Sayyid Muḥammad Taqī. Min hudā l-Qurʾān. Tehran, Dār Muḥibbī l-Ḥusayn, 1419/1998-9.
- Qurashī, Sayyid ʿAlī Akbar. Tafsīr-i aḥsan al-ḥadīth. Tehran, Bunyād-i Biʿthat, 1378 Sh/1999-2000.
- Riḍāʾī Iṣfahānī, Muḥammad ʿAlī. Tafsīr-i Qurʾān-i mihr. Qum, Pizhūhish-hā-yi Tafsīr wa ʿUlūm-i Qurʾān, 1387 Sh/2008-9.
- Sura al-Mutaffifin verses 29 to 36 / Sarcasms of criminals to believers. Tebyan website, accessed 16 Urdībihisht 1403 Sh.
- Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Qum, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1417/1996-7.
- Ṭabarsī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. With an introduction by Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī. Tehran, Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh/1993-4.
- Ṭālaqānī, Sayyid Maḥmūd. Partawī az Qurʾān. Tehran, Shirkat-i Sahāmī-yi Intishār, 1362 Sh/1983-4.
- Ṭayyib, Sayyid ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. Aṭyab al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Intishārāt-i Islām, 1378 Sh/1999-2000.