Draft:Verse of Hijra
Code snippet
 | |
| Verse's Information | |
|---|---|
| Name | Verse of Hijra |
| Sura | Sura al-Nisa |
| Verse | 97 |
| Juz' | 5 |
| Page | 94 |
| Content Information | |
| Cause of Revelation | Non-emigration of some Muslims from Mecca to Medina |
| Place of Revelation | Medina |
| Topic | Theological |
| About | Punishment of Muslims who did not emigrate to Medina |
The Verse of Hijra (Sura al-Nisa: 97) speaks about the punishment of those who accepted Islam but did not participate in the emigration of Muslims to Medina. According to commentators, these individuals remained in Mecca to avoid losing their homes and wealth. Based on the Verse of Hijra, when angels question them about their religion after death, they state their inability in Mecca; but the angels reply that they had the opportunity to emigrate but did not do so. Some commentators have said the verse refers to those who did not emigrate and died before joining Prophet Muhammad (s). Others believe it refers to those who did not emigrate and fought against Muslims in the Battle of Badr and were killed.
Cause of Revelation
The verse of Hijra was revealed about those who believed in Mecca but did not participate in the Emigration to Medina. According to Nasir Makarim Shirazi in Tafsir-i nimuna, these individuals remained in Mecca due to attachment to their life and property.[1]
Content
According to Allama Tabataba'i, the verse refers to the angels' questioning of humans after death. The angels' question "In what state were you?" (fima kuntum) is a question about their religion; meaning, what religion were you on?. The phrase "Was not Allah’s earth capacious enough for you to migrate therein?" also shows that the answer "We were suppressed in the land" is not convincing because the polytheists of Mecca only had power in Mecca, and those individuals could have migrated from Mecca and gone to other lands.[2]
Text and Translation
Translation: Indeed, those whom the angels take away while they are wronging themselves, they ask, ‘What state were you in?’ They reply, ‘We were suppressed in the land.’ They say, ‘Was not Allah’s earth capacious enough for you to migrate therein?’ So their refuge is hell, and it is an evil destination. (Sura al-Nisa, Verse 97)
Instances
There are different reports regarding exactly who the verse refers to.[3] According to Ibn ʿAbbās, it refers to those who stayed in Mecca and did not emigrate to Medina and died before joining the Prophet (s).[4] Majmaʿ al-bayān, quoting Abū Ḥamza al-Thumālī, considers them individuals who had become Muslim but joined the polytheists' front in the Battle of Badr and doubted the truth of Islam when they saw the small number of Muslims.[5]
According to some narrations, the verse refers to a group of Muslims who stayed in Mecca, fought against Muslims in the Battle of Badr, and were killed.[6] Based on a narration from Imam al-Baqir (a), these individuals were five: Qays b. Fakih b. Mughira, Ḥarith b. Zamʿa, Qays b. Walid, Abu al-ʿAs b. Mita, and ʿAli b. Umayya b. Khalaf.[7]
According to another narration, when Muslims captured al-ʿAbbas, the Prophet's (s) uncle, and ʿAqīl in the Battle of Badr, the Prophet asked al-ʿAbbās to pay the ransom for his and ʿAqīl's release. Al-ʿAbbās said: Did we not pray towards your Qibla and testify to what you testify? The Prophet replied: You showed enmity and were treated with enmity, and recited the Verse of Hijra.[8]
Notes
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 4, pp. 83-84.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 5, pp. 49-50.
- ↑ Suyūṭī, al-Durr al-manthūr, vol. 2, p. 206.
- ↑ Suyūṭī, al-Durr al-manthūr, vol. 2, p. 206.
- ↑ Ṭabrasī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 3, p. 150.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, vol. 3, p. 303.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, vol. 3, p. 303.
- ↑ Suyūṭī, al-Durr al-manthūr, vol. 2, p. 206.
References
- Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1374 Sh.
- Suyūṭī, Jalāl al-Dīn al-. Al-Durr al-manthūr fī al-tafsīr bi-al-maʾthūr. Qom, Kitābkhāna-yi Āyatullāh Marʿashī Najafī, 1404 AH.
- Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Qom, Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1417 AH.
- Ṭabrasī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan al-. Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Edited by Aḥmad Qaṣīr ʿĀmilī. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.