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Draft:Verse of Jaza' al-Fahsha

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Verse of Jaza' al-Fahsha
Verse's Information
Suraal-Nisa' (Qur'an 4)
Verse15
Juz'5
Page80
Content Information
Place of
Revelation		Medina
AboutThe former ruling on the punishment of Fahisha
Related VersesVerse of Jald


Qur'an 4:15, known as Verse of Punishment of Fāḥisha (Arabic: آية جزاء الفاحشة) or Verse of Ḥabs (Arabic: آية الحبس, Verse of Imprisonment) is the fifteenth verse of Sura al-Nisa'[1] which refers to the punishment of married women who commit Zina (adultery).[2][3] According to Tabarsi in Majma' al-bayan, exegetes have a consensus that "Fahisha" (lewdness) in this verse means Zina.[4] Some consider Musahaqa (lesbianism) to also be included in the ruling of the verse.[5] God has determined their punishment to be life imprisonment after the testimony of four just Muslims.[6] This ruling is considered temporary considering the continuation of the verse.[7] The new ruling, considering other verses and narrations, is considered to be Divine limits (hudud), Stoning and Flogging.[8] The reason for the temporariness of the ruling has been stated as expediency at the time of stating the ruling,[9] readiness of the environment and public opinion of the society,[10] and preventing harshness for the expansion of Islam.[11] Islam also initially accepted[12] and implemented this ruling;[13] but after the strengthening of Islam, the ruling of imprisonment was changed to Hadd.[14]

According to most exegetes,[15] this verse has been abrogated by the Qur'an 24:2;[16] they cite narrations in this regard to prove their claim.[17] For those who are unmarried and commit Zina (unmarried fornication), the ruling is one hundred lashes, and for married individuals who commit Zina (adultery), the ruling is stoning.[18] The ruling of stoning is not mentioned in the Quran and has been proven using narrations.[19] For this reason, some exegetes have inferred the permissibility of abrogating the Quran by the Sunna from this verse.[20] In contrast, some believe that this verse has not been abrogated,[21] because abrogation applies to rulings that are stated absolutely from the beginning; but in this verse, the ruling of life imprisonment is mentioned as a limited and temporary ruling.[22]

Notes

  1. ↑ Jamʿī az nawīsandagān, Farhang-nāma-yi ʿulūm-i Qurʾānī, vol. 1, p. 363; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 90, p. 6; Mūʾassisa-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī, Farhang-i fiqh, vol. 1, p. 174.
  2. ↑ Fakhr al-Rāzī, Mafātīḥ al-ghayb, vol. 9, p. 528; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Al-Mīzān, vol. 4, p. 234.
  3. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, vol. 3, p. 307; Riḍāʾī Iṣfahānī, Tafsīr-i Qurʾān-i Mihr, vol. 4, p. 67.
  4. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 3, p. 34.
  5. ↑ Hāshimī Rafsanjānī, Tafsīr-i rāhnamā, vol. 3, p. 255.
  6. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, vol. 3, p. 307.
  7. ↑ Mughniyya, Al-Tafsīr al-kāshif, vol. 2, p. 271.
  8. ↑ Baḥrānī, Al-Burhān, vol. 2, p. 43.
  9. ↑ Jaʿfarī, Tafsīr-i Kawthar, vol. 2, p. 377.
  10. ↑ Riḍāʾī Iṣfahānī, Tafsīr-i Qurʾān-i Mihr, vol. 4, p. 68.
  11. ↑ Sulṭān ʿAlī Shāh, Bayān al-saʿāda, vol. 2, p. 5.
  12. ↑ Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, vol. 28, p. 67; Qummī, Tafsīr al-Qummī, vol. 1, p. 133; Qurṭubī, Al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān, vol. 5, p. 84.
  13. ↑ Zamakhsharī, Al-Kashshāf, vol. 1, p. 487; Ṭabarānī, Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, vol. 2, p. 205.
  14. ↑ Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, vol. 28, p. 67.
  15. ↑ Ṭūsī, Al-Tibyān, vol. 3, p. 142.
  16. ↑ Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 3, p. 34; Ibn Kathīr, Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm, vol. 2, p. 204.
  17. ↑ See for example: Baḥrānī, Al-Burhān, vol. 2, p. 43.
  18. ↑ Ṭūsī, Al-Tibyān, vol. 3, p. 142; Ṭabarsī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 3, p. 34.
  19. ↑ Ḥusaynī Hamadānī, Anwār-i drakhshān, vol. 3, p. 374; Abū l-Futūḥ Rāzī, Rawḍ al-jinān, vol. 5, p.287.
  20. ↑ Ṭabarānī, Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr, vol. 2, p. 205.
  21. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, vol. 3, p. 308; Also see: Riḍāʾī Iṣfahānī, Tafsīr-i Qurʾān-i Mihr, vol. 4, p. 68.
  22. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, vol. 3, p. 308; Also see: Riḍāʾī Iṣfahānī, Tafsīr-i Qurʾān-i Mihr, vol. 4, p. 68.

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