Draft:Verses of Tahrim
| Verse's Information | |
|---|---|
| Name | Verses of Tahrim |
| Verse | Qur'an 5:90 • Qur'an 66:1 • Qur'an 4:23 |
| Topic | Jurisprudential |
The Verse of Taḥrīm (Arabic: آيَة ٱلتَّحْرِيم) or Verses of Taḥrīm is a title used in Shi'a and Sunni commentaries for several verses. These verses discuss the prohibition of drinking wine (khamr), gambling, adultery (zina), usury (riba), fleeing from battle, marriage with mahrams, marriage with more than four wives, the remarriage of Prophet Muhammad (s) after nine wives, and the Prophet (s) prohibiting what God had made lawful him .
Prohibition of Drinking Wine
The title "Verse of Tahrim" has been used in some commentaries and narrations regarding Qur'an 5:90.[1] According to Nasir Makarim Shirazi, this verse definitively commanded the prohibition of drinking wine[2] and ordered Muslims to avoid it.[3] Allama Tabataba'i, under Qur'an 16:67, refers to Qur'an 5:90 as the Verse of Tahrim.[4] Also, according to a narration in Usul al-Kafi, Imam Ali (a) used the title Verse of Tahrim to refer to this verse when the First Caliph, Abu Bakr, was confused about applying the punishment for drinking wine on a man who claimed ignorance of its prohibition.[5]
Prohibition of Marriage with Mahrams
Qur'an 4:23 lists the mahrams of a person. In this verse, seven categories are introduced such as women who are forbidden to marry due to blood relations, two categories due to breastfeeding, and four categories due to marriage or affinity.[6] This verse is named the Verse of Tahrim in some books.[7] Imam al-Reza (a), in one of the debate sessions of al-Ma'mun, stated the difference between the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and the Umma and used the title Verse of Tahrim for Qur'an 4:23.[8]
Prohibiting the Lawful for Oneself
Ja'far Murtada al-Amili in the book Tafsir Surat Hal Ata,[9] Allama Majlisi in Bihar al-anwar,[10] and Jurjani in Jala al-adhhan[11] have used the title Verse of Tahrim to refer to the first verse of Sura al-Tahrim. In this verse, God reprimands the Prophet (s) for prohibiting some lawful things for himself in order to please his wives.[12]
Other Verses
Commentators have also named other verses concerning prohibited matters as Verse of Tahrim, such as usury,[13] marriage with more than four wives,[14] marriage with two sisters,[15] remarriage of the Prophet (s) after the ninth wife,[16] fleeing from battle,[17] eating a corpse,[18] hunting during Hajj,[19] adultery,[20] and so on. In some of these cases, the name Verse of Tahrim is used by adding the prohibited subject to it; such as the Verse of Prohibition of Usury or the Verse of Prohibition of Adultery.
Notes
- ↑ ʿAyyāshī, Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, vol. 2, p. 263; Khūʾī, Bayān dar ʿulūm wa masāʾil-i kullī-yi Qurʾān, p. 474; Shāh-ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīmī, Tafsīr-i ithnā-ʿasharī, vol. 3, p. 177.
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 5, p. 70.
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 5, p. 72.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 12, pp. 290-291.
- ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 7, pp. 26-217.
- ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 3, p. 327.
- ↑ Khurāsānī, "Āyehā-yi nām-dār", p. 377.
- ↑ Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā, vol. 1, p. 239.
- ↑ ʿĀmilī, Tafsīr Sūrat Hal Atā, vol. 1, p. 147.
- ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 17, p. 76.
- ↑ Jurjani, Jala al-adhhan, vol. 11, p. 84.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 19, pp. 329-330.
- ↑ Abū Zahra, Zahrat al-tafāsīr, vol. 3, p. 1408.
- ↑ Balāghī, Ḥujjat al-tafāsīr, vol. 2, p. 121.
- ↑ Ṭayyib, Aṭyab al-bayān, vol. 4, p. 48; Khusrawānī, Tafsīr-i Khusrawī, vol. 2, p. 175.
- ↑ Balāghī, Ḥujjat al-tafāsīr, vol. 5, p. 213.
- ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 9, p. 221.
- ↑ Kāshānī, Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn, vol. 6, p. 149; Jaṣṣāṣ, Aḥkām al-Qurʾān, vol. 1, p. 132.
- ↑ Ṭabrasī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 3, p. 379.
- ↑ Ṣādiqī Tihrānī, al-Furqān, vol. 21, p. 264; Ashkawarī, Tafsīr-i Sharīf Lāhījī, vol. 3, p. 286.
References
- Abū Zahra, Muḥammad. Zahrat al-tafāsīr. Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, n.d.
- ʿĀmilī, Jaʿfar Murtaḍā. Tafsīr Sūrat Hal Atā. Beirut, Al-Markaz al-Islāmī lil-Dirāsāt, 1424 AH.
- Ashkawarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. Tafsīr-i Sharīf Lāhījī. Tehran, Nashr-i Dād, 1373 Sh.
- ʿAyyāshī, Muḥammad b. Masʿūd al-. Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī. Tehran, Al-Maṭbaʿa al-ʿIlmiyya, 1380 AH.
- Balāghī, ʿAbd al-Ḥujja. Ḥujjat al-tafāsīr wa balāgh al-iksīr. Qom, Nashr-i Ḥikmat, 1386 AH.
- Jaṣṣāṣ, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-. Aḥkām al-Qurʾān. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH.
- Jurjānī, Ḥusayn b. Ḥasan. Jalāʾ al-adhhān wa jalāʾ al-aḥzān. Tehran, Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 1378 AH.
- Kāshānī, Fatḥ Allāh. Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn fī ilzām al-mukhālifīn. Tehran, Kitābfurūshī-yi Islāmiyya, 1314 AH.
- Khurāsānī, ʿAlī. "Āyehā-yi nām-dār". In Dāʾirat al-maʿārif-i Qurʾān-i karīm. Qom, Būstān-i Kitāb, 1382 Sh.
- Khūʾī, Abū al-Qāsim al-. Bayān dar ʿulūm wa masāʾil-i kullī-yi Qurʾān. Translated by Hāshim Hāshimzāda Harīsī and Muḥammad Ṣādiq Najmī. Tehran, Sāzmān-i Chāp wa Intishārāt-i Wizārat-i Farhang wa Irshād-i Islāmī, 1382 Sh.
- Khusrawānī, ʿAlī Riḍā. Tafsīr-i Khusrawī. Tehran, Kitābfurūshī-yi Islāmiyya, 1390 AH.
- Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Kāfī. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1407 AH.
- Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
- Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1371 Sh.
- Ṣādiqī Tihrānī, Muḥammad. Al-Furqān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Qom, Farhang-i Islāmī, 1406 AH.
- Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā (a). Edited by Mahdī Lājuwardī. Tehran, Nashr-i Jahān, 1378 AH.
- Shāh-ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīmī, Ḥusayn. Tafsīr-i ithnā-ʿasharī. Tehran, Nashr-i Mīqāt, 1363 Sh.
- Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut, Muʾassasat al-Aʿlamī lil-Maṭbūʿāt, 1390 AH.
- Ṭabrasī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān. Tehran, Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
- Ṭayyib, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. Aṭyab al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Intishārāt-i Islām, 1369 Sh.