Jump to content

Ghina (book)

Add links
From wikishia

Template:Otheruses

Ghinna'
AuthorSayyid Ali Khamenei
CountryIran
LanguagePersian
SubjectGhina' and Music
GenreText of Bahth al-Kharij (Advanced Fiqh Course)
PublisherInqilab Islami Publications
Publication date
2019


Ghinna' (Persian: غناء) or Darsnāma-yi Ghinna' va Mūsīqī (Persian: درس‌نامه غناء و موسیقی; Textbook on Ghinna' and Music) is the published text of the Dars-i Kharij of fiqh by Ayatollah Khamenei regarding Ghinna' and music. The text of this book was taught from Dhu l-Qa'da,25,1429 (November 24, 2008) to Safar, 10, 1431 (January 26, 2010). Focusing on hadiths related to Ghinna', this book explains the concept of Ghinna' and forbidden music (Lahwi music), and examines the mentioned hadiths and the theories of jurists. It also answers 48 questions related to these topics.

According to Ayatollah Khamenei's opinion in this book, Ghinna' is not forbidden per se; rather, the criterion for its prohibition is being Lahwi (frivolous/debauchery), misleading, and deviating from the path of God. The criterion for forbidden music is also driving the atmosphere towards negligence in religion and sin.

This book was first published in Persian in 1430/2019-20 by the Islamic Revolution Research and Cultural Institute.

Author

Main article: Sayyid Ali Khamenei

Ayatollah Khamenei is the Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran and one of the Shi'a Marja's.[1] He began teaching Dars-i Kharij (advanced jurisprudence) in 1410/1990-1 and has taught the chapters of Jihad, Qisas (Retaliation), Makasib Muharrama (Forbidden Gains), and Prayer of a Traveler.[2]

Content

The textbook of Ghinna' and Music is the edited text of 75 sessions of Ayatollah Khamenei's Dars-i Kharij of fiqh, taught from Dhu l-Qa'da,25,1429 (November 24, 2008) to Safar, 10, 1431 (January 26, 2010).[3] This book explains the concept of Ghinna' and forbidden music and examines its various aspects.[4] While reviewing the hadiths, references are made to books and opinions of Shi'a jurists.[5] The issue of dance (raqs) is also examined at the end of the book.[6]

According to Reza Mokhtari, one of the sources for this textbook was the four-volume book Ghinā, Mūsīqī authored by Mohsen Sadeghi and Reza Mokhtari. The core text of Ayatollah Khamenei's Dars-i Kharij was al-Makasib by Un Shaykh al-Anṣārī; however, upon reaching the discussion of Ghinna', he set aside al-Ansari's Makasib and made the book Ghinā, Mūsīqī the focal point of his discussion. He examined all the narrations in this book in terms of chain of transmission (sanad) and text, and also discussed the research of jurists found in other volumes of the book as appropriate.[7] In addition to examining the implication and chain of transmission of narrations and the opinions of jurists, attention has been paid to the historical aspect of the issue of Ghinna' and music, which aids in the correct understanding of the hadiths.[8]

Method of Discussion

The book addresses the topics of Ghinna', music, and dance. In his Dars-i Kharij on Ghinna', Ayatollah Khamenei divided the hadiths related to Ghinna' into five categories, and then analyzed the sanad (chain of transmission) and implications of about 100 hadiths. These five categories are:

  1. Narrations revealed under verses; including narrations related to the interpretation of verses[9] (Qur'an 22:30,[10] Qur'an 25:72,[11] Qur'an 31:6,[12] and Qur'an 25:72[13]) and narrations citing the verses as evidence.[14]
  2. Narrations not under verses (narrations regarding the prohibition of Ghinna').[15]
  3. Narrations on listening to Ghinna'.[16]
  4. Narrations on the earnings of a Mughanniya (female singer).[17]
  5. Narrations related to Ghinna' in the Qur'an (Ghinna' in Qur'anic recitation - Taghanni).[18]

Features

Showing Musical Instruments on TV

Showing these instruments on television is a form of promotion and normalization. The use of these instruments in creating Lahwi (frivolous/forbidden) sound dominates their use in non-lahwi sound. That is, its forbidden aspect is greater than its lawful aspect. The more we promote this, the more we have promoted the forbidden (haram) and lahw.

Khamenei, Ghina' , 1398 Sh, p. 444.

The following features have been enumerated for the book Ghinna':

  • Focusing on narrations related to Ghinna' topics (100 narrations);[19] it is stated that all hadiths regarding Ghinna' and its related issues have been examined in detail in terms of sanad and text.[20]
  • Introducing various indicators of Ghinna' and forbidden music.[21]
  • Comprehensiveness of the opinions and theories of early and late Shi'a jurists;[22] referencing all treatises related to Ghinna' is considered one of the book's features.[23]
  • Answering 48 questions related to Ghinna' and forbidden music.[24]
  • Organizing the book in a textbook structure.[25]

The Dars-i Kharij on Ghinna' has been counted among the longest seminary lessons on the specific subject of Ghinna'.[26]

Views

Some of Ayatollah Khamenei's theories in this book are as follows:

Ghina'

  • Ghina' is not forbidden per se. The criterion for its prohibition is lahw (frivolity/debauchery) and iḍlal ʿan sabil Allah (misleading and removing a human from the path of God).[27]
  • Determining whether it is lahwi and iḍlal ʿan sabil Allah is understood through one of the following: arousing lust, driving one towards a forbidden act, preventing the performance of obligatory acts, and creating negligence towards religion.[28]
  • Doubtful cases are not forbidden, and the Principle of Exemption applies to them.[29]
General Rule for Forbidden Music

Any tune and sound that drags the atmosphere—the atmosphere in which this sound is broadcast—towards negligence of religion, towards sin, towards indifference to obligation and religious duty, is forbidden.

Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 444.

Music

  • The criterion for forbidden music is driving the atmosphere towards negligence in religion and sin.[30] Music is not forbidden per se, and unless the title of "driving towards sin and negligence of religion" applies, a fatwa cannot be issued regarding its prohibition.[31]
  • The reference for diagnosing forbidden Ghinna' and music is custom.[32] If a Mukallaf (religiously accountable person) doubts whether the music is considered by the custom of people as "misleading from the path of God" and forbidden or not, based on the Principle of Lawfulness, it is judged to be lawful.[33]

Dance

  • Dance (raqs) is forbidden, and the criterion for its prohibition is its being lahwi, unlike a woman's dance for her husband, which is not lahvi.[34]

Publication

The book Ghinna' was published in 1440/2019-20 by the Islamic Revolution Research and Cultural Institute in 560 pages. This book is the first work from the series of jurisprudential lessons of Ayatollah Khamenei published by this institute.[35]

Notes

  1. ↑ Behbūdī, Sharḥ-i ism, 1391 Sh, p. 78.
  2. ↑ A brief look at the biography of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Husayni Khamenei, The Office for the Preservation and Publication of the Works of Grand Ayatollah Khamenei.
  3. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, Introduction to the book, p. gh.
  4. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, Introduction to the book, p. ḍ.
  5. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, Introduction to the book, p. ḍ.
  6. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 511.
  7. ↑ Ayatollah Khamenei's unique effort for the jurisprudence of music/ The most detailed Dars-i Kharij of Fiqh on the subject of Ghinna', Khabar Online.
  8. ↑ Ayatollah Khamenei's unique effort for the jurisprudence of music/ The most detailed Dars-i Kharij of Fiqh on the subject of Ghinna', Khabar Online.
  9. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 8.
  10. ↑ Qur'an 22:30.
  11. ↑ Qur'an 25:72.
  12. ↑ Qur'an 31:6.
  13. ↑ Qur'an 25:72.
  14. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 85.
  15. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 99.
  16. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 110.
  17. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 139.
  18. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 155.
  19. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 5.
  20. ↑ Ghinā and Music, Website of Islamic Revolution Publications.
  21. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 252, p. 444.
  22. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. gh.
  23. ↑ Ghinā and Music, Website of Islamic Revolution Publications.
  24. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, pp. 449-510.
  25. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, Introduction to the book, p. gh.
  26. ↑ Ghinā and Music, Website of Islamic Revolution Publications.
  27. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 452.
  28. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 444.
  29. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 337.
  30. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 444.
  31. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 444.
  32. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 465.
  33. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 466.
  34. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, p. 525.
  35. ↑ Khāminiʾī, Ghinna', 1398 Sh, Introduction.

References

Retrieved from "https://en.wikishia.net/w/index.php?title=Ghina_(book)&oldid=203049"