Anonymous user
Imam Ali b. Abi Talib (a): Difference between revisions
→After the Prophet (s)
imported>Pourghorbani |
imported>Pourghorbani |
||
| Line 104: | Line 104: | ||
Abu Bakr passed away in [[13]]/[[634 CE|634]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 3, p. 419-420; Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 136-138.</ref> Before his death, he appointed [[Umar b. al-Khattab]] as his successor.<ref>Maʿādīkhāh, ''Tārīkh-i Islām'', p. 322, 331.</ref> In [[Muharram]], [[14]]/[[February]]-[[March]], [[635 CE|635]], Umar b. al-Khattab embarked on a military expedition against the [[Sasanids]]. He camped in an area called Sirar, but some prominent figures, including Imam Ali (a), advised him to remain in Medina, so he returned and sent [[Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas]] to the battle in his place.<ref>Maʿādīkhāh, ''Tārīkh-i Islām'', p. 379.</ref> Ibn Athir reports that Ali (a) was a judge during the caliphate of Umar b. al-Khattab, except in its first few years.<ref>Maʿādīkhāh, ''Tārīkh-i Islām'', p. 348, 441.</ref> | Abu Bakr passed away in [[13]]/[[634 CE|634]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 3, p. 419-420; Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 136-138.</ref> Before his death, he appointed [[Umar b. al-Khattab]] as his successor.<ref>Maʿādīkhāh, ''Tārīkh-i Islām'', p. 322, 331.</ref> In [[Muharram]], [[14]]/[[February]]-[[March]], [[635 CE|635]], Umar b. al-Khattab embarked on a military expedition against the [[Sasanids]]. He camped in an area called Sirar, but some prominent figures, including Imam Ali (a), advised him to remain in Medina, so he returned and sent [[Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas]] to the battle in his place.<ref>Maʿādīkhāh, ''Tārīkh-i Islām'', p. 379.</ref> Ibn Athir reports that Ali (a) was a judge during the caliphate of Umar b. al-Khattab, except in its first few years.<ref>Maʿādīkhāh, ''Tārīkh-i Islām'', p. 348, 441.</ref> | ||
In [[16]]/ | In [[16]]/637-8 (or [[17]]/638-9),<ref>Maʿādīkhāh, ''Tārīkh-i Islām'', p. 348, 453.</ref> upon Ali's (a) suggestion, Umar b. al-Khattab set the year of the emigration of the Prophet (s) to Medina as the beginning of the [[Islamic calendar]].<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 145; Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 4, p. 300.</ref> | ||
In [[17]]/[[638 CE|638]], Umar b. al-Khattab led a military expedition to conquer Jerusalem and announced Ali (a) as his successor in Medina.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 2519-2520.</ref> In the same year,<ref>Nuwayrī, ''Nahāyat al-arab'', vol. 19, p. 347.</ref> after insistence and threatening, Umar married [[Umm Kulthum bt. al-Imam 'Ali (a)|Umm Kulthum]] the daughter of Imam Ali (a).<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 5, p. 346; Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 8, p. 161; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', p. 189.</ref> It is reported that Umar announced Ali (a) as his successor in Medina in [[18]]/[[639 CE|639]] as well, when he decided to travel to [[Syria]].<ref>Maʿādīkhāh, ''Tārīkh-i Islām'', p. 513.</ref> | In [[17]]/[[638 CE|638]], Umar b. al-Khattab led a military expedition to conquer Jerusalem and announced Ali (a) as his successor in Medina.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 2519-2520.</ref> In the same year,<ref>Nuwayrī, ''Nahāyat al-arab'', vol. 19, p. 347.</ref> after insistence and threatening, Umar married [[Umm Kulthum bt. al-Imam 'Ali (a)|Umm Kulthum]] the daughter of Imam Ali (a).<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 5, p. 346; Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 8, p. 161; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', p. 189.</ref> It is reported that Umar announced Ali (a) as his successor in Medina in [[18]]/[[639 CE|639]] as well, when he decided to travel to [[Syria]].<ref>Maʿādīkhāh, ''Tārīkh-i Islām'', p. 513.</ref> | ||