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Sura al-Hujurat: Difference between revisions
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'''Sūra al-Ḥujurāt''' (Arabic: {{ia|سورة الحجرات}}) is the forty ninth [[sura]] of the [[Qur'an]]. It is a [[Madani]] sura located in [[juz']] twenty six. "Al-Hujurat" is the plural form of "al-hujra" ({{ia|الحجرة}}), meaning "room". It is mentioned in [[verse]] four of this sura. This sura speaks about the appropriate behavior toward the [[Prophet (s)]] and also socio-moral issues such as [[suspicion]], [[snooping]], and [[backbiting]]. Some of the famous verses of this sura are [[al-ukhuwwa verse]] which introduces believers brothers to each other, the "verse of Naba'" which advises not to trust all persons who bring news and the verse thirteen which considers more [[God-wariness|God-wary]] people more honorable before [[God]]. | '''Sūra al-Ḥujurāt''' (Arabic: {{ia|سورة الحجرات}}) is the forty ninth [[sura]] of the [[Qur'an]]. It is a [[Madani]] sura located in [[juz']] twenty six. "Al-Hujurat" is the plural form of "al-hujra" ({{ia|الحجرة}}), meaning "room". It is mentioned in [[verse]] four of this sura. This sura speaks about the appropriate behavior toward the [[Prophet (s)]] and also socio-moral issues such as [[suspicion]], [[snooping]], and [[backbiting]]. | ||
Some of the famous verses of this sura are [[al-ukhuwwa verse]] which introduces believers brothers to each other, the "verse of Naba'" which advises not to trust all persons who bring news and the verse thirteen which considers more [[God-wariness|God-wary]] people more honorable before [[God]]. | |||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
*'''Naming''' | |||
The word "al-hujurat" is mentioned in verse four of this sura.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 22, p. 130.</ref> "Al-hujurat" is the plural form of "al-hujra" meaning "room" and refers to different rooms beside the [[mosque of the Prophet (s)]] for his [[wives of the Prophet (s)|wives]].<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 22, p. 141.</ref> | The word "al-hujurat" is mentioned in verse four of this sura.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 22, p. 130.</ref> "Al-hujurat" is the plural form of "al-hujra" meaning "room" and refers to different rooms beside the [[mosque of the Prophet (s)]] for his [[wives of the Prophet (s)|wives]].<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 22, p. 141.</ref> | ||
*'''Order and Place of Revelation''' | |||
Sura al-Hujurat is a [[Madani sura]] and was the 107th sura [[revealed]] to the Prophet (s). In the current order of completion, This is forty ninth sura of the [[Qur'an]],<ref>Maʿrifat, ''Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 166.</ref> located in juz' twenty six. | Sura al-Hujurat is a [[Madani sura]] and was the 107th sura [[revealed]] to the Prophet (s). In the current order of completion, This is forty ninth sura of the [[Qur'an]],<ref>Maʿrifat, ''Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 166.</ref> located in juz' twenty six. | ||
*'''Number of Verses and Words''' | |||
Sura al-Hujurat has eighteen verses, 353 words and 1533 letters. This sura is among [[Mathani suras]] and is about half of one [[hizb]] in the Qur'an. | Sura al-Hujurat has eighteen verses, 353 words and 1533 letters. This sura is among [[Mathani suras]] and is about half of one [[hizb]] in the Qur'an. | ||
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==== Naba' Verse ==== | ==== Naba' Verse ==== | ||
{{main|Al-Naba' Verse}} | {{main|Al-Naba' Verse}} | ||
{{Pull quote | {{Pull quote | ||
|text=O you who have faith! If a profligate [person] should bring you some news, verify it, lest you should visit [harm] on some people out {{spaces|55}}of ignorance, and then become regretful for what you have done. | |text=O you who have faith! If a profligate [person] should bring you some news, verify it, lest you should visit [harm] on some people out {{spaces|55}}of ignorance, and then become regretful for what you have done. | ||
|source=Qur'an, 49:6}} | |source=Qur'an, 49:6}} | ||
Most [[exegete]]s considered the event about [[Walid b. 'Aqaba]] as the [[occasion of revelation]] of this verse when the [[Prophet (s)]] sent him to [[Banu l-Mustaliq]] tribe for collecting [[zakat]].<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 22, p. 153.</ref> According to ''[[Tafsir al-Mizan]]'', the people of this tribe decided to go to the Prophet (s) and give [[zakat]], but the Prophet (s) had sent Walid to collect their zakat. In the middle of the way, Walid feared them and returned and lied to the Prophet (s) that they refrained to give zakat and wanted to kill him. Therefore, the Prophet (s) prepared an army to fight with them, but when the two groups met each other, it was known that Walid had lied. So, the above verse was | |||
Most [[exegete]]s considered the event about [[Walid b. 'Aqaba]] as the [[occasion of revelation]] of this verse when the [[Prophet (s)]] sent him to [[Banu l-Mustaliq]] tribe for collecting [[zakat]].<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 22, p. 153.</ref> According to ''[[Tafsir al-Mizan]]'', the people of this tribe decided to go to the Prophet (s) and give [[zakat]], but the Prophet (s) had sent Walid to collect their zakat. In the middle of the way, Walid feared them and returned and lied to the Prophet (s) that they refrained to give zakat and wanted to kill him. Therefore, the Prophet (s) prepared an army to fight with them, but when the two groups met each other, it was known that Walid had lied. So, the above verse was revealed.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 18, p. 475-476.</ref> | |||
In the [[principles of jurisprudence]], the verse Naba' is extensively discussed about. Scholars of this science have considered this verse referring to the authenticity of the [[al-khabar al-wahid]].<ref>''Farhangnāma-yi uṣūl-i fiqh'', p. 62.</ref> | In the [[principles of jurisprudence]], the verse Naba' is extensively discussed about. Scholars of this science have considered this verse referring to the authenticity of the [[al-khabar al-wahid]].<ref>''Farhangnāma-yi uṣūl-i fiqh'', p. 62.</ref> | ||
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==== Ukhuwwa Verse ==== | ==== Ukhuwwa Verse ==== | ||
{{main|Ukhuwwa Verse}} | {{main|Ukhuwwa Verse}} | ||
{{Pull quote | {{Pull quote | ||
|text=The faithful are indeed brothers. Therefore make peace between your brothers and be wary of Allah, so that you may receive [His] mercy. | |text=The faithful are indeed brothers. Therefore make peace between your brothers and be wary of Allah, so that you may receive [His] mercy. | ||
|source=Qur'an, 49:10}} | |source=Qur'an, 49:10}} | ||
According to this [[verse]], [[believer]]s are brothers to each other and in case of occurring fight between them, other Muslims are responsible to reconcile between them. When this verse was revealed, the Prophet (s) established the brotherhood covenant among Muslims; like between [[Abu Bakr]] and [[Umar]], [[Uthman]] and [[Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]] and between other companions, based on their positions. He (s) then chose [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] as his brother and told Ali (a), "you are my brother and I am your brother."<ref>Baḥrānī, ''al-Burhān'', vol. 5, p. 108; Niyshābūrī, ''al-Mustadrak ʿalā l-ṣaḥīḥayn'', vol. 3, p. 14.</ref> | According to this [[verse]], [[believer]]s are brothers to each other and in case of occurring fight between them, other Muslims are responsible to reconcile between them. When this verse was revealed, the Prophet (s) established the brotherhood covenant among Muslims; like between [[Abu Bakr]] and [[Umar]], [[Uthman]] and [[Abd al-Rahman b. 'Awf]] and between other companions, based on their positions. He (s) then chose [[Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] as his brother and told Ali (a), "you are my brother and I am your brother."<ref>Baḥrānī, ''al-Burhān'', vol. 5, p. 108; Niyshābūrī, ''al-Mustadrak ʿalā l-ṣaḥīḥayn'', vol. 3, p. 14.</ref> | ||
==== Backbiting Verse ==== | ==== Backbiting Verse ==== | ||
{{main|Backbiting Verse}} | {{main|Backbiting Verse}} | ||
{{Pull quote | {{Pull quote | ||
|text=O you who have faith! Avoid much suspicion. Indeed some suspicions are sins. And do not spy on or backbite one another... | |text=O you who have faith! Avoid much suspicion. Indeed some suspicions are sins. And do not spy on or backbite one another... | ||
|source=Qur'an, 49:12}} | |source=Qur'an, 49:12}} | ||
In this verse, three moral issues are mentioned: avoiding suspicious, snooping and backbiting. According to ''[[Tafsir-i nimuna]]'', these three moral issues are related to each other; suspicion provides the ground for snooping and snooping in others' affairs provides the ground for [[backbiting]] them and revealing private issues in their lives.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 22, p. 184.</ref> In ''[[Tafsir al-Mizan]]'', it is mentioned that backbiting eats the limbs of the body of the society and rots it.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 18, p. 484.</ref> To prove the prohibition of backbiting a believer brother, [[jurists]] have referred to this verse.<ref>Shāhrūdī, ''Farhang-i fiqh'', vol. 1, p. 199-200.</ref> | In this verse, three moral issues are mentioned: avoiding suspicious, snooping and backbiting. According to ''[[Tafsir-i nimuna]]'', these three moral issues are related to each other; suspicion provides the ground for snooping and snooping in others' affairs provides the ground for [[backbiting]] them and revealing private issues in their lives.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 22, p. 184.</ref> In ''[[Tafsir al-Mizan]]'', it is mentioned that backbiting eats the limbs of the body of the society and rots it.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 18, p. 484.</ref> To prove the prohibition of backbiting a believer brother, [[jurists]] have referred to this verse.<ref>Shāhrūdī, ''Farhang-i fiqh'', vol. 1, p. 199-200.</ref> | ||
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|text=O mankind! Indeed, We created you from a male and a female, and made you nations and tribes that you may identify yourselves with one another. Indeed the noblest of you in the sight of Allah is the most Godwary among you. Indeed Allah is all-knowing, all-aware. | |text=O mankind! Indeed, We created you from a male and a female, and made you nations and tribes that you may identify yourselves with one another. Indeed the noblest of you in the sight of Allah is the most Godwary among you. Indeed Allah is all-knowing, all-aware. | ||
|source=Qur'an, 49:13}} | |source=Qur'an, 49:13}} | ||
This verse has been focused both in moral writings and in [[theology|theological]] discussions to reject racial superiority of humans over each other. According to ''Tafsir-i nimuna'', the verse says that all humans are from one origin and should not boast to each other about their lineages and tribes. This verse introduces [[God-wariness]] as the only true criterion of the superiority of humans before [[God]].<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 22, p. 197.</ref> | This verse has been focused both in moral writings and in [[theology|theological]] discussions to reject racial superiority of humans over each other. According to ''Tafsir-i nimuna'', the verse says that all humans are from one origin and should not boast to each other about their lineages and tribes. This verse introduces [[God-wariness]] as the only true criterion of the superiority of humans before [[God]].<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 22, p. 197.</ref> | ||