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[[File:قسیم النار و الجنه.jpg|right|thumbnail|200px|The Nastaliq calligraphy by Ahmad 'Ali related to the [[Safavid Dynasty]]]] | [[File:قسیم النار و الجنه.jpg|right|thumbnail|200px|The Nastaliq calligraphy by Ahmad 'Ali related to the [[Safavid Dynasty]]]] | ||
'''ʿAlī ḥubbuhū junna''' (Arabic: {{ia|عليٌ حُبُّه جُنَّة}}, lit: 'Ali, his love is a shield) is a poem that highlights the position and [[virtues of Imam 'Ali (a)]], often attributed to Muhammad b. Idris al-Shafi'i, one of the four major Sunni | '''ʿAlī ḥubbuhū junna''' (Arabic: {{ia|عليٌ حُبُّه جُنَّة}}, lit: 'Ali, his love is a shield) is a poem that highlights the position and [[virtues of Imam 'Ali (a)]], often attributed to Muhammad b. Idris al-Shafi'i, one of the four major Sunni [[jurist]]s. This four-line poem alludes to the concept of finding protection from the fires of [[hell]] through love for [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and emphasizes his authority over the division of [[heaven]] and hell. Furthermore, the poem underscores Imam 'Ali's rightful [[Caliphate|succession to the Prophet (s)]] and his [[imamate]] over all humans and [[jinn]]. It is worth noting that this poem has also been attributed to other individuals in addition to al-Shafi'i. | ||
The theme of this poem is reflected in [[hadith|hadiths]] found in both [[Shiite]] and [[Sunni]] sources. Additionally, lines from this poem have been incorporated into the works of other poets. The poem "'Ali hubbuhu junna" is inscribed on the entrance of the hall of [[Imam 'Ali's (a) shrine]]. | The theme of this poem is reflected in [[hadith|hadiths]] found in both [[Shiite]] and [[Sunni]] sources. Additionally, lines from this poem have been incorporated into the works of other poets. The poem "'Ali hubbuhu junna" is inscribed on the entrance of the hall of [[Imam 'Ali's (a) shrine]]. | ||
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The first hemistich says that the love of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] is a “junna,” which literally means a weapon<ref>Ibn Durayd, ''Jamharat al-lugha'', vol. 1, p. 93; Jawharī, '' | The first hemistich says that the love of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] is a “junna,” which literally means a weapon<ref>Ibn Durayd, ''Jamharat al-lugha'', vol. 1, p. 93; Jawharī, ''al-Ṣiḥāḥ'', vol. 5, p. 2094.</ref> or shield<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab,'' vol. 13, p. 94; Ḥusaynī al-Zabīdī, ''Tāj al-ʿarūs'', vol. 18, p. 115.</ref> that protects the person. Some people have interpreted it as everything that protects the individual.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab,'' vol. 13, p. 94; Fīrūz Ābādī, ''al-Qāmūs al-muḥiṭ'', vol. 4, p. 195.</ref> | ||
The theme presented in the first hemistich, which highlights protection from the fires of hell through love for Imam 'Ali (a), is found in [[hadith|hadiths]] attributed to the [[Prophet (s)]] in both Shiite<ref>Ṣadūq, | The theme presented in the first hemistich, which highlights protection from the fires of hell through love for Imam 'Ali (a), is found in [[hadith|hadiths]] attributed to the [[Prophet (s)]] in both Shiite<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 657; Ṭabarī, ''Bishārat al-Muṣṭafā'', p. 75; Ḥillī, ''Kashf al-yaqīn'', p. 225-226.</ref> and Sunni<ref>Khaṭīb Baghdādī, ''Tārīkh-i Baghdād'', vol. 3, p. 380; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq,'' vol. 42, p. 243-244; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''Lisān al-mīzān,'' vol. 4, p. 497.</ref> sources. It is also mentioned by [['Umar b. al-Khattab]],<ref>Daylamī, ''al-Firdaws bi maʾthūr,'' vol. 2, p. 142.</ref> and in some sources, a similar poem conveying the same idea is attributed to the second caliph.<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''al-Manāqib,'' vol. 3, p. 200.</ref> | ||
The division of heaven and hell by Imam 'Ali (a) is also reflected in hadiths from the Prophet (s) about Imam 'Ali (a),<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī,'' vol. 2, p. 389-390; Khazzāz al-Qummī, ''Kifāyat al-athar,'' p. 151; Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī,'' p. 31, 46, 89, 361, and 671.</ref> in Imam 'Ali’s own words,<ref>Ṣaffār, ''Baṣāʾir al-darajāt,'' vol. 1, p. 191, 192, 199, and 200; ʿAyyāshī, ''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī,'' vol. 2, p. 17-18; Kulayni, ''al-Kafi'', vol. 1, p. 196-198.</ref> and those of other [[Imam|Imams]].<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī,'' vol. 2, p. 324; Ṣaffār, ''Baṣāʾir al-darajāt'' vol. 1, p. 415; Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā,'' vol. 2, p. 85-86.</ref> Additionally, it is reflected in hadiths in Sunni sources,<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Ahl al-Bayt fī l-maktaba al-ʿarabiyya'', p. 561-567.</ref> and some people like [[Ibn Abi l-Hadid]] believe that these hadiths are [[mustafid]] (frequently transmitted).<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balāgha,'' vol. 9, p. 165.</ref> [[Ibn al-Hanbal]] is said to have defended this idea.<ref>Ibn Abī Yaʿlī, ''Ṭabaqāt al-ḥanābila'', vol. 1, p. 319-320; Ibn Fuwatī, ''Majmaʿ al-ādāb'' , vol. 3, p. 352.</ref> | |||
==The Poet== | ==The Poet== | ||
In several sources, the poem "'Ali hubbuhu junna" is often attributed to [[Muhammad b. Idris al-Shafi'i]], one of the prominent Sunni | In several sources, the poem "'Ali hubbuhu junna" is often attributed to [[Muhammad b. Idris al-Shafi'i]], one of the prominent Sunni [[jurist]]s among the four (150/767-8 - 204/819-20).<ref>Qundūzī, ''Yanābīʿ al-mawadat,'' vol. 1, p. 254; Shūshtarī, ''Iḥqāq al-ḥaqq,'' vol. 15, p. 188, vol. 20, p. 252, 328, 392, 393, 394, and 395, and vol. 21, p. 652; Tirmidhī Ḥusaynī, ''Manāqib-i Murtaḍawī,'' p. 161.</ref> However, there are also attributions of the poem to 'Amir b. Tha'laba<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, ''ʿUyūn al-muʿjizāt,'' p. 31; Ṭabarī, ''Nawādir al-muʾjizāt,'' p. 121.</ref> and 'Ammar b. Taghliba.<ref>Baḥrānī, ''Madīnat maʿājiz'' , vol. 1, p. 260.</ref> It is worth mentioning that numerous sources have referenced the poem without specifically identifying its poet.<ref>Ḥimawī Shāfiʿyī, ''Farāʾid al-samṭayn'', vol. 1, p. 326; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'' vol. 2, p. 160; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Ṭaraf min al-ʾAnbaʾ'' p. 393- 394.</ref> | ||
==Similar Poems== | ==Similar Poems== | ||
Several poets have explored similar themes in their compositions, delving into the concept of seeking refuge from hell through the love of Imam 'Ali (a) and his portrayal of heaven and hell.<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib,'' vol. 2, p. 159-160; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Ahl al-Bayt | Several poets have explored similar themes in their compositions, delving into the concept of seeking refuge from hell through the love of Imam 'Ali (a) and his portrayal of heaven and hell.<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib,'' vol. 2, p. 159-160; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Ahl al-Bayt fī l-maktaba al-ʿarabiyya'', p. 566-567.</ref> Here are some examples: | ||
One of the oldest poems of this kind is attributed to [[al-Sayyid Isma'il al-Himyari]]: | One of the oldest poems of this kind is attributed to [[al-Sayyid Isma'il al-Himyari]]: | ||
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Similar poems are composed by [[Sahib b. 'Abbad]]<ref>Shubbar, ''Adāb al-ṭaf,'' vol. 2, p. 146.</ref> and [[Di'bil b. 'Ali al-Khuza'i|Di'bil]].<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, | Similar poems are composed by [[Sahib b. 'Abbad]]<ref>Shubbar, ''Adāb al-ṭaf,'' vol. 2, p. 146.</ref> and [[Di'bil b. 'Ali al-Khuza'i|Di'bil]].<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 2, p. 160; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Ahl al-Bayt fi l-maktaba al-'arabiyya'' , p. 566.</ref> | ||
The theme of the poem “'Ali hubbuhu junna” is reflected in later works.<ref>Qalashqandī, ''Ṣubḥ al-aʿshā'', vol. 8, p. 240-241; Mudarrisī Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Bargī az tārīkh-i Qazwīn'', p. 136.</ref> Some poets have incorporated lines of this poem in their own works. | The theme of the poem “'Ali hubbuhu junna” is reflected in later works.<ref>Qalashqandī, ''Ṣubḥ al-aʿshā'', vol. 8, p. 240-241; Mudarrisī Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Bargī az tārīkh-i Qazwīn'', p. 136.</ref> Some poets have incorporated lines of this poem in their own works. | ||
In 1376/1956-7, two gilded gates were installed in the hall of the [[Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)]], which were adorned with inscription of the poem “'Ali hubbuhu junna.”<ref>Ḥakīm, '' | In 1376/1956-7, two gilded gates were installed in the hall of the [[Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)]], which were adorned with inscription of the poem “'Ali hubbuhu junna.”<ref>Ḥakīm, ''al-Mufaṣṣal fī tārīkh al-Najaf al-ashraf,'' vol. 2, p. 66; Khalīlī, ''Mawsūʿa al-ʿatabāt al-muqaddasa,'' vol. 1, p. 98.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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