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==Maqams of head of Imam al-Husayn (a)==
==Maqams of head of Imam al-Husayn (a)==
The meaning of Maqam of head of Imam al-Husayn (a) is both the places where it is said that the Imam's (a) head was buried and the places where the Imam's (a) head was kept for a short time and turned into a place of pilgrimage.
The meaning of Maqam of head of Imam al-Husayn (a) is both the places where it is said that the Imam's (a) head was buried and the places where the Imam's (a) head was kept for a short time and turned into a place of pilgrimage.<ref>Group of authors, ''Nigāhī nu bih jaryān-i ʿĀshūrā'', p. 364.</ref>


===Karbala===
===Karbala===
According to the majority of scholars, Imam al-Husayn's (a) head was attached to his body. Both Shiite and Sunni scholars maintain this. Some Shiite scholars, such as al-Shaykh al-Saduq, al-Sayyid al-Murtada, al-Fattal al-Naysaburi, Ibn Nama al-Hilli, al-Sayyid b. Tawus, Baha' al-Din al-'Amili, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, al-Qazwini, and al-'Allama al-Majlisi are proponents of this view.
According to the majority of scholars, Imam al-Husayn's (a) head was attached to his body.<ref>Group of authors, ''Tārīkh-i qīyām wa maqtal-i jāmiʿ-i Sayyid al-Shuhadāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 574, 587.</ref> Both Shiite and Sunni<ref>Sibṭ b. al-Jawzī, ''Tadhkirat al-khawāṣ'', p. 238.</ref> scholars maintain this.<ref>Group of authors, ''Tārīkh-i qīyām wa maqtal-i jāmiʿ-i Sayyid al-Shuhadāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 574.</ref> Some Shi'a scholars, such as [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]], [[al-Sayyid al-Murtada]], [[al-Fattal al-Naysaburi]], [[Ibn Nama al-Hilli]], [[al-Sayyid b. Tawus]], [[Baha' al-Din al-'Amili]] and [[al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] are proponents of this view.


In this regard, al-Shaykh al-Saduq and after him, al-Fattal al-Nayshaburi wrote that "Ali b. al-Husayn (a) exited (Syria) with women and returned the head of al-Husayn (a) to Karbala."
In this regard, al-Shaykh al-Saduq<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 168.</ref> and after him, al-Fattal al-Nayshaburi<ref>Fattāl al-Nayshābūrī, ''Rawḍat al-wāʿiẓīn'', p. 192</ref> wrote that "[['Ali b. al-Husayn (a)]] exited (Syria) with women and returned the head of al-Husayn (a) to [[Karbala]]."


About this issue, [[al-Sayyid al-Murtada]] wrote, "They have reported that the head of Imam al-Husayn (a) was buried beside the body in Karbala."
About this issue, [[al-Sayyid al-Murtada]] wrote, "They have reported that the head of Imam al-Husayn (a) was buried beside the body in Karbala."<ref>Sayyid Murtaḍā, ''Rasāʾil al-Murtaḍā'', vol. 3, p. 130.</ref>


After mentioning the above quotation from al-Sayyid al-Murtada, [[Ibn Shahr Ashub]] quoted from [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] that [[Ziyara of Arba'in]] is advised for this reason (joining the head of Imam (a) to the body and burying it).
After mentioning the above quotation from al-Sayyid al-Murtada, [[Ibn Shahr Ashub]] quoted from [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] that [[Ziyara of Arba'in]] is advised for this reason (joining the head of Imam (a) to the body and burying it.<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 77.</ref>


Also, Ibn Nama al-Hilli wrote, "What can be relied upon among reports is that after the head of Imam (a) was moved from one city to another among different cities, it was returned to the body and was buried beside the body." Al-Sayyid b. Tawus wrote, "It is reported that the head of Imam al-Husayn (a) was returned and buried in Karbala."
Also, Ibn Nama al-Hilli wrote, "What can be relied upon among reports is that after the head of Imam (a) was moved from one city to another among different cities, it was returned to the body and was buried beside the body."<ref>Ibn Nimā al-Ḥillī, ''Muthīr al-aḥzān'', p. 107.</ref>


Al-Majlisi regarded one of the reasons for the recommendation of ziyara of Imam al-Husayn (a) on the day of Arba'in, joining of the heads to bodies by Imam al-Sajjad (a)." Elsewhere after mentioning others' views in this regard, he wrote that, "It is famous among Imamiyya scholars that the head of Imam (a) was buried beside the body."
Al-Sayyid b. Tawus wrote, "It is reported that the head of Imam al-Husayn (a) was returned and buried in Karbala."<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 195.</ref>


Regarding this issue, Abu Rayhan al-Biruni wrote, "the head of al-Husayn (a) was joined to his body and was buried beside it."
[[Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi|Al-Majlisi]] regarded one of the reasons for the [[recommendation]] of ziyara of Imam al-Husayn (a) on the day of [[Arba'in]], joining of the heads to bodies by Imam al-Sajjad (a).<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 98, p. 334.</ref>" Elsewhere after mentioning others' views in this regard, he wrote that, "It is famous among Imamiyya scholars that the head of Imam (a) was buried beside the body."<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 45, p. 145.</ref>


Also, al-Qazwini wrote that "The first day of the month of Safar is celebrated by Umayyads, because, on that day, the head of al-Husayn (a) was brought to Damascus and on the twentieth of that month, it was returned to the body."
Also, al-Qazwini wrote that "The first day of the month of Safar is celebrated by Umayyads, because, on that day, the head of al-Husayn (a) was brought to Damascus and on the twentieth of that month, it was returned to the body."
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