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Verse of Hijab: Difference between revisions
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==Text and translation== | ==Text and translation== | ||
Verse 31 of sura [[al-Nur]] is known as the verse of hijab. They say that with the [[revelation]] of this verse, [[hijab]] became [[obligatory]] for women. | Verse 31 of sura [[al-Nur]] is known as the verse of hijab.<ref>See: Markaz-i farhang wa maʿārif-i Qurʾān, ''Dāʾirat al-maʿārif-i Qurʾān-i karīm'', vol. 1, p. 381; A group of authors, ''Farhangnāma-yi ʿulūm-i Qurʾānī'', p. 129.</ref> They say that with the [[revelation]] of this verse, [[hijab]] became [[obligatory]] for women.<ref>Saʿīdī, ''Ḥijāb'', p. 604.</ref> | ||
==Application in fiqh== | ==Application in fiqh== | ||
In the books of [[fiqh]], this [[verse]] is mentioned as the reference to explain the obligation of women to wear [[hijab]] and some of its [[rulings]], including the limits of hijab. According to [[jurists]], the phrase "and not display their charms" indicates the [[obligation]] of hijab for women. Also, according to some Shi'a jurists, such as [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]], [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] and [[al-'Allama al-Hilli]], the phrase "beyond what is [acceptably] visible" excludes the face and hands (from the wrists down) from the obligation to cover. | In the books of [[fiqh]], this [[verse]] is mentioned as the reference to explain the obligation of women to wear [[hijab]] and some of its [[rulings]], including the limits of hijab.<ref>See: Khoeī, ''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-Khūʾī'', vol. 32, p. 36-47; Ḥillī, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqahāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 446-447.</ref> According to [[jurists]], the phrase "and not display their charms" indicates the [[obligation]] of hijab for women.<ref>Khoeī, ''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-Khūʾī'', vol. 32, p. 36.</ref> Also, according to some Shi'a jurists, such as [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]], [[al-Shahid al-Thani]] and [[al-'Allama al-Hilli]], the phrase "beyond what is [acceptably] visible" excludes the face and hands (from the wrists down) from the obligation to cover.<ref>Anṣārī, ''Kitāb al-nikāḥ'', p. 46-47; Shahīd al-Thānī, ''Masālik'', vol. 7, p. 47; Ḥillī, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqahāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 446-447.</ref> | ||
==Occasion of revelation== | ==Occasion of revelation== | ||
Regarding the [[Asbab al-Nuzul|story of the revelation]] of this verse, it has been narrated from [[Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari]] that one day, a group of women went to Asma', daughter of Murshida who did not have proper covering, in such a way that their anklets, necks and breast projection were visible. He became upset by this act and criticized them. Then, the verse of hijab was revealed. [[Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi|Al-Tabrisi]], the exegete of the [[Qur'an]], has also written in this regard that before the [[revelation]] of this verse, women used to wear headscarf in such a way that its tail fell behind them, and therefore their necks and chests were visible. | Regarding the [[Asbab al-Nuzul|story of the revelation]] of this verse, it has been narrated from [[Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari]] that one day, a group of women went to Asma', daughter of Murshida who did not have proper covering, in such a way that their anklets, necks and breast projection were visible. He became upset by this act and criticized them. Then, the verse of hijab was revealed.<ref>Ibn Abī l-Ḥātam, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 8, p. 2573.</ref> [[Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi|Al-Tabrisi]], the exegete of the [[Qur'an]], has also written in this regard that before the [[revelation]] of this verse, women used to wear headscarf in such a way that its tail fell behind them, and therefore their necks and chests were visible.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 7, p. 217.</ref> | ||
==Interpretation notes== | ==Interpretation notes== | ||
According to [[exegetes]], the meaning of not displaying the charms in the phrase "and not display their charms" is not showing the parts of the body that are usually adorned [such as the ears and the neck], not showing the ornaments alone; because it is not [[forbidden]] to show jewelry alone like earrings. "Khumur" is the plural of "khimar", which means a cover with which women cover their heads. In the phrase "and let them draw their scarfs over their bosoms", it is ordered that women put headscarves on their chests so that their hair, ears and necks are not visible. | According to [[exegetes]], the meaning of not displaying the charms in the phrase "and not display their charms" is not showing the parts of the body that are usually adorned [such as the ears and the neck], not showing the ornaments alone; because it is not [[forbidden]] to show jewelry alone like earrings.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 7, p. 217; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 15, p. 111.</ref> "Khumur" is the plural of "khimar", which means a cover with which women cover their heads.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 7, p. 217; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 15, p. 112.</ref> In the phrase "and let them draw their scarfs over their bosoms", it is ordered that women put headscarves on their chests so that their hair, ears and necks are not visible.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 7, p. 217.</ref> | ||
==Covering with Jilbab== | ==Covering with Jilbab== | ||
[[Qur'an 33]]:59 also talks about hijab, which is known as the [[verse of jilbab]]. In this verse, women are asked to cover themselves with jilbab. Lexicographers have interpreted jilbab as a garment larger than a scarf and smaller than a rida' (overcoat, robe) that women put on their heads and cover their chests. | [[Qur'an 33]]:59 also talks about hijab, which is known as the [[verse of jilbab]].<ref>A group of authors, ''Farhangnāma-yi ʿulūm-i Qurʾānī'', p. 126.</ref> In this verse, women are asked to cover themselves with jilbab.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 16, p. 339; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 8, p. 581.</ref> Lexicographers have interpreted jilbab as a garment larger than a scarf and smaller than a rida' (overcoat, robe) that women put on their heads and cover their chests.<ref>Ṭurayḥī, ''Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn'', vol. 2, p. 24.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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* Khoeī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. ''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-Khūʾī''. First edition. Qom: Muʾassisa Ihyāʾ Āthar al-Imām al-Khūʾī, 1418 AH. | * Khoeī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. ''Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-Khūʾī''. First edition. Qom: Muʾassisa Ihyāʾ Āthar al-Imām al-Khūʾī, 1418 AH. | ||
* Shahīd al-Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī. ''Masālik al-ifhām ilā tanqīh sharāyiʿ al-Islām''. 1st edition. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmīyya, 1413 AH. | * Shahīd al-Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī. ''Masālik al-ifhām ilā tanqīh sharāyiʿ al-Islām''. 1st edition. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmīyya, 1413 AH. | ||
* Markaz-i farhang wa maʿārif-i Qurʾān. '' | * Markaz-i farhang wa maʿārif-i Qurʾān. ''Dāʾirat al-maʿārif-i Qurʾān-i karīm''. Qom: Būstān-i Kitāb, 1382 Sh. | ||
* Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1417 AH. | * Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1417 AH. | ||
* Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī. 3rd edition. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh. | * Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī. 3rd edition. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh. | ||
* Ṭurayḥī, Fakhr al-Dīn b. Muḥammad al-. ''Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn''. Edited by Sayyid Aḥmad Ḥusaynī. Tehran: al-Maktaba al-Murtaḍawīyya, 1375 Sh. | * Ṭurayḥī, Fakhr al-Dīn b. Muḥammad al-. ''Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn''. Edited by Sayyid Aḥmad Ḥusaynī. Tehran: al-Maktaba al-Murtaḍawīyya, 1375 Sh. | ||
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