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Sayyid 'Ali Qadi Tabataba'i: Difference between revisions
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| Permission to narrate to = | | Permission to narrate to = | ||
| Permission to ijtihad to = | | Permission to ijtihad to = | ||
| Works = interpretation of [[Du'a al-Samat]] {{•}} supplementary notes on ''[[Mathnawi ma'nawi|Mathnawi]]'' {{•}}supplementary notes on[[Ibn 'Arabi]]'s ''[[Futuhat al-makkiya|Futuhat]]'' | | Works = interpretation of [[Du'a al-Samat]] {{•}} supplementary notes on ''[[Mathnawi ma'nawi|Mathnawi]]'' {{•}}supplementary notes on [[Ibn 'Arabi]]'s ''[[Futuhat al-makkiya|Futuhat]]'' | ||
| Scholarly activities = | | Scholarly activities = | ||
}} | }} | ||
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His great interest in [[Ibn 'Arabi]] and [[Rumi]] raised criticism of some scholars and led some people to treat him with contempt. In [[mysticism]], he followed [[Mulla Husayn Quli Hamadani|Husayn Quli Hamadani]], his teacher. He believed that it is impossible for travelers upon the path [towards God] to reach the abode of unity without accepting guardianship of [[Imams]] and [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]]. | His great interest in [[Ibn 'Arabi]] and [[Rumi]] raised criticism of some scholars and led some people to treat him with contempt. In [[mysticism]], he followed [[Mulla Husayn Quli Hamadani|Husayn Quli Hamadani]], his teacher. He believed that it is impossible for travelers upon the path [towards God] to reach the abode of unity without accepting guardianship of [[Imams]] and [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]]. | ||
His method of mystical instruction included fulfillment of recommended practices ([[mustahabbat]]), visitation of holy tombs, entreating [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] ([[tawassul]]), and having a teacher. He recommended ''[[Risala | His method of mystical instruction included fulfillment of recommended practices ([[mustahabbat]]), visitation of holy tombs, entreating [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] ([[tawassul]]), and having a teacher. He recommended ''[[Risala siyr wa suluk]]'' by [[Bahr al-'Ulum]] as the best mystical book, and Ihraq (burn out) as the best method. So many miraculous deeds have been reported from him. | ||
Although he is famous mostly for his mysticism, his love for mysticism did not prevent him from [learning] other [[Islamic sciences]] such as [[hadith]], jurisprudence ([[fiqh]]), and [[exegesis of the Qur'an]]; even he criticized the educational system and some of the text books of [[Islamic seminary|seminaries]]. | Although he is famous mostly for his mysticism, his love for mysticism did not prevent him from [learning] other [[Islamic sciences]] such as [[hadith]], jurisprudence ([[fiqh]]), and [[exegesis of the Qur'an]]; even he criticized the educational system and some of the text books of [[Islamic seminary|seminaries]]. | ||
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==Teachers== | ==Teachers== | ||
Qadi Tabataba'i acquired his earlier education in his native city. He learned ''[[al-Tafsir al- | Qadi Tabataba'i acquired his earlier education in his native city. He learned ''[[al-Tafsir al-kashshaf]]'' from his father. In addition to his father, [[Musa Tabrizi]], the author of ''A commentary on rasa'il al-Shaykh al-Ansari'', and [[Muhammad 'Ali Qarachi Daghi]], the author of ''A commentary on sharh al-lum'a al-dimashqiyya'' were his teachers. He also learned Arabic and Farsi literature from [[Muhammad Taqi Nayyir Tabrizi]], known as Hujjat al-Islam, the famous poet. | ||
On his father's advice, he became the student of [[Imam Quli Nakhjawani]] for a while to purify himself. In [[1308]]/1890-1, in order to continue his education, he immigrated to [[Najaf]] where he learned [[jurisprudence]], [[principles of jurisprudence]], [[hadith]], [[interpretation of Qur'an]], and other [[Islamic sciences]] from [[Muhammad Fadil Sharabyani]], [[Muhammad Hasan al-Mamaqani]], [[Shaykh al-Shari'ah Isfahani]], [[Akhund Khurasani]], and [[Husayn Khalili]], last one of whom was his teacher of [[ethics]] as well. | On his father's advice, he became the student of [[Imam Quli Nakhjawani]] for a while to purify himself. In [[1308]]/1890-1, in order to continue his education, he immigrated to [[Najaf]] where he learned [[jurisprudence]], [[principles of jurisprudence]], [[hadith]], [[interpretation of Qur'an]], and other [[Islamic sciences]] from [[Muhammad Fadil Sharabyani]], [[Muhammad Hasan al-Mamaqani]], [[Shaykh al-Shari'ah Isfahani]], [[Akhund Khurasani]], and [[Husayn Khalili]], last one of whom was his teacher of [[ethics]] as well. | ||
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* [[Al-Sayyid Hashim al-Haddad|Al-Sayyid Hashim Musawi al-Haddad]]; he was Qadi's student for 28 years and about whom his teacher once said that he had understood and received the Unity of God so well in his heart that it would be impossible to be damaged. | * [[Al-Sayyid Hashim al-Haddad|Al-Sayyid Hashim Musawi al-Haddad]]; he was Qadi's student for 28 years and about whom his teacher once said that he had understood and received the Unity of God so well in his heart that it would be impossible to be damaged. | ||
* [[Sayyid Hasan Isfahani Masqati]]; he taught ''[[Shifa]]'' and ''[[Asfar]]'' in [[Najaf]]. On [[Sayyid Abu l-Hasan Isfahani]]'s order, the Islamic authority of that time, and on the advice of Qadi, his teacher, he immigrated, perforce, from Najaf to [[Masqat]]. | * [[Sayyid Hasan Isfahani Masqati]]; he taught ''[[Shifa' (book)|Shifa']]'' and ''[[Asfar]]'' in [[Najaf]]. On [[Sayyid Abu l-Hasan Isfahani]]'s order, the Islamic authority of that time, and on the advice of Qadi, his teacher, he immigrated, perforce, from Najaf to [[Masqat]]. | ||
* [[Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei|Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei]]; he carried out his teacher's instructions and experienced a (visionary) unveiling through which he saw his future teaching and becoming an Islamic authority. | * [[Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei|Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei]]; he carried out his teacher's instructions and experienced a (visionary) unveiling through which he saw his future teaching and becoming an Islamic authority. | ||
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== Mystical approach == | == Mystical approach == | ||
[[File:دستخط سید علی قاضی.jpg|thumbnail|the original manuscript of Sayyid 'Ali Qadi advising: "Preserve your [[salat]] (prayer), your | [[File:دستخط سید علی قاضی.jpg|thumbnail|the original manuscript of Sayyid 'Ali Qadi advising: "Preserve your [[salat]] (prayer), your everything would be preserved."]] | ||
It is quoted from [[Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i]] that Sayyid 'Ali Qadi was attributed to no Sufi movements, but rather he followed spiritual disciplines of [[Mulla Husayn Quli Hamadani|Husayn Quli Hamadani]] and his teacher, [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]], who themselves followed an unknown ascetic called Jula. | It is quoted from [[Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i]] that Sayyid 'Ali Qadi was attributed to no Sufi movements, but rather he followed spiritual disciplines of [[Mulla Husayn Quli Hamadani|Husayn Quli Hamadani]] and his teacher, [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]], who themselves followed an unknown ascetic called Jula. | ||
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==Criticizing the Educational System of the Seminary== | ==Criticizing the Educational System of the Seminary== | ||
Qadi criticized the educational system and some textbooks of the [[Sh'ia Seminary| | Qadi criticized the educational system and some textbooks of the [[Sh'ia Seminary|seminary]]. He believed that the textbooks should be replaced by new ones. Even he wanted [['Abbas Quchani]], his student, to rewrite ''[[Jawahir al-Kalam]]'' by [[Muhammad Hasan Najafi]], so he rewrote 21 volumes (of 43 volumes) of the book with his own research and marginal notes. They were published in 1986-7, [[Tehran]]. | ||
He persuaded [[Mirza Ibrahim Sharifi]], his son-in-law, and [[Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i]] into composing a book on the conduct of the [[Prophet (s)]] from [[Shi'a]]'s point of view, since most of such books have been composed by non-Shiites. He advised his students to study the history of [[Islam]] from the birth of the Prophet (s) to the birth of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]]. He also persuaded them to study [[theoretical mysticism]] and [[philosophy]]. 'Abbas Quchani, his student, was the only one who taught philosophy in [[Najaf]] at that time. | He persuaded [[Mirza Ibrahim Sharifi]], his son-in-law, and [[Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i]] into composing a book on the conduct of the [[Prophet (s)]] from [[Shi'a]]'s point of view, since most of such books have been composed by non-Shiites. He advised his students to study the history of [[Islam]] from the birth of the Prophet (s) to the birth of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]]. He also persuaded them to study [[theoretical mysticism]] and [[philosophy]]. 'Abbas Quchani, his student, was the only one who taught philosophy in [[Najaf]] at that time. | ||