Tatbir: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
After this fatwa, the most important text in opposition to tatbir was the book, ''[[al-Tanzih li-a'mal al-shabih]]'' by [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]], in which tatbir and other similar practices of mourning are considered as illegitimate, irrational, and a ground for undermining Shiism. The book's publication led to different reactions, and books and essays were written and published in its defense of or against it. | After this fatwa, the most important text in opposition to tatbir was the book, ''[[al-Tanzih li-a'mal al-shabih]]'' by [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]], in which tatbir and other similar practices of mourning are considered as illegitimate, irrational, and a ground for undermining Shiism. The book's publication led to different reactions, and books and essays were written and published in its defense of or against it. | ||
In answer to a [[istifta'|question]] concerning the permissibility or impermissibility of tatbir, [[Imam Khomeini]] said that it depends on whether it is harmful and on circumstances of the time, and because of present circumstances, he said that it was forbidden. [[Ayatollah Khamenei]], the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, said about tatbir in 1373 sh/1994-5: "tatbir is an illegitimate, fabricated, and wrong practice which has, unfortunately, been propagated by some people in the last few years. Tatbir is a religious or a mourning practice, and it is certainly illegitimate and heresy, and there is no doubt that God is not happy with it, and I am not happy in my heart with those who publicly practice tatbir." Some scholars confirmed the words of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran and believed that tatbir undermines Shiism and is therefore illegitimate. | In answer to a [[istifta'|question]] concerning the permissibility or impermissibility of tatbir, [[Imam Khomeini]] said that it depends on whether it is harmful and on circumstances of the time, and because of present circumstances, he said that it was forbidden.<ref>[http://www.imam-khomeini.ir/fa/c12_21315/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AD%DA%A9%D (What is the opinion of Imam Khomeini about the religious rule of Tatbir?What is the problem in a private council?(Persian)]</ref> [[Ayatollah Khamenei]], the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, said about tatbir in 1373 sh/1994-5: "tatbir is an illegitimate, fabricated, and wrong practice which has, unfortunately, been propagated by some people in the last few years. Tatbir is a religious or a mourning practice, and it is certainly illegitimate and heresy, and there is no doubt that God is not happy with it, and I am not happy in my heart with those who publicly practice tatbir."<ref>[https://farsi.khamenei.ir/speech-content?id=8588 Statements of Ayatullah Khamenei in the meeting with members of Assembly of experts(Persian).]</ref> Some scholars confirmed the words of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran and believed that tatbir undermines Shiism and is therefore illegitimate.<ref>Muḥaddithī, ''Farhang-i ʿĀshūrā'', p. 359.</ref> | ||
Other marja's have also forbidden tatbir in their fatwas, including: | Other marja's have also forbidden tatbir in their fatwas, including: | ||
* [[Muhammad Fadil Lankarani]] | * [[Muhammad Fadil Lankarani]]<ref>Fāḍil Lankarāni, ''Jāmiʿal-masāʾil'', vol. 1, p. 581.</ref> | ||
* [[Husayn'ali Muntaziri]] | * [[Husayn'ali Muntaziri]]<ref>Muntazarī, ''Risāla-yi Istiftāʾāt'', vol. 2, p. 321.</ref> | ||
* [[Nasir Makarim Shirazi]] | * [[Nasir Makarim Shirazi]]<ref>[https://makarem.ir/ahkam/fa/category/index/46953/%d9%82%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%b2%d9%86%db%8c-%d9%88-%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ba-%d8%b2%d9%86%db%8c The rule of Tatbir in the viewpoint of Ayatullah Makarem Shirazi (Persian)). ]</ref> | ||
* [['Abd Allah Jawadi Amuli]] | * [['Abd Allah Jawadi Amuli]]<ref>[https://javadi.esra.ir/fa/w/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A?redirect=%2F%25D8%25A2%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D9%2588-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2581%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA What is the rule of Tatbir?(Persian)]</ref> | ||
* [[Sayyid Muhammad 'Ali 'Alawi Gurgani]] | * [[Sayyid Muhammad 'Ali 'Alawi Gurgani]]<ref>[https://site.agorgani.ir/estefta/%d8%a2%db%8c%d8%a7-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b9-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%ad%d8%b6%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%85/ What is the rule of Tatbir?(Persian)]</ref> | ||
* [[Qurban'ali Muhaqqiq Kabuli]] | * [[Qurban'ali Muhaqqiq Kabuli]]<ref>[https://www.mohaqeq.org/fa/questions ( What is the rule of Tatbir?(Persian)]</ref> | ||
* [[Husayn Mazahiri]] | * [[Husayn Mazahiri]]<ref>[http://www.almazaheri.ir/farsi/Index.aspx?TabID=0005&ID=1029&CategoryNum=163 ( What is the rule of Tatbir?(Persian)]</ref> | ||
* [[Husayn Nuri Hamadani]] | * [[Husayn Nuri Hamadani]]<ref>[https://noorihamedani.ir/post/view?id=7811 The message of Ayatullah Nuri Hamidani about the event of 'Ashura and Tatbir(Persian)]</ref> | ||
The main reasons for the forbiddance of tatbir in the views of its opponents include the following: | The main reasons for the forbiddance of tatbir in the views of its opponents include the following: | ||
* It is against the sharia due to the jurisprudential principle of the "forbiddance of self-harm." | * It is against the sharia due to the jurisprudential principle of the "forbiddance of self-harm."<ref>[https://www.jamaran.news/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-59/59429-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8% (what is the relationship between forbiddance of self-harm and Tatbir? (Persian)]</ref> | ||
* It is a [[Bid'a|heresy]]. | * It is a [[Bid'a|heresy]]. | ||
* It is irrational. | * It is irrational. | ||
| Line 127: | Line 127: | ||
*[https://farsi.khamenei.ir/speech-content?id=8588 بیانات در دیدار اعضای مجلس خبرگان رهبری] (Statements of Ayatullah Khamenei in the meeting with members of Assembly of experts(Persian)). Accessed: 2023/09/28. | *[https://farsi.khamenei.ir/speech-content?id=8588 بیانات در دیدار اعضای مجلس خبرگان رهبری] (Statements of Ayatullah Khamenei in the meeting with members of Assembly of experts(Persian)). Accessed: 2023/09/28. | ||
*[https://makarem.ir/ahkam/fa/category/index/46953/%d9%82%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%b2%d9%86%db%8c-%d9%88-%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ba-%d8%b2%d9%86%db%8c پایگاه پاسخگویی آیت الله مکارم شیرازی] (The rule of Tatbir in the viewpoint of Ayatullah Makarem Shirazi (Persian)). Accessed: 2023/09/28. | *[https://makarem.ir/ahkam/fa/category/index/46953/%d9%82%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%b2%d9%86%db%8c-%d9%88-%d8%aa%db%8c%d8%ba-%d8%b2%d9%86%db%8c پایگاه پاسخگویی آیت الله مکارم شیرازی] (The rule of Tatbir in the viewpoint of Ayatullah Makarem Shirazi (Persian)). Accessed: 2023/09/28. | ||
*[https://javadi.esra.ir/fa/w/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A?redirect=%2F%25D8%25A2%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D9%2588-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2581%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA قمه و زنجير چاقويي زدن و تيغ كشيدن در مجالس عزاي اهلبيت(عليهم السلام) چه حكمي دارد؟] ( What is the rule of Tatbir?(Persian)). Accessed: 2023/09/28. | |||
*[https://site.agorgani.ir/estefta/%d8%a2%db%8c%d8%a7-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%b9-%da%a9%d9%87-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%ad%d8%b6%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b5%d9%88%d9%85/ آیا این موضوع که در عزاداری حضرات معصومین ـ خاصه حضرت سیّد الشهداءعلیه السلام ـ خون حاصل از زدن قمه، زنجیر، سینه و لطمه پاک می باشد، و با همان حالت خون آلود در بدن و لباس، می شود نماز خواند، مخصوصاً در روز عاشورا و بعد از زدن قمه، به نظر فقاهتی حضرتعالی صحیح است یا خیر؟] ( What is the rule of Tatbir?(Persian)). Accessed: 2023/09/28. | |||
*[https://www.mohaqeq.org/fa/questions با توجه به اینکه عزاداری خامس آل عبا (علیه السلام) از مهمترین شعائر دینی، و رمز بقاء تشیّع است، و باید هر چه باشکوه تر برگزار گردد. آیا آسیب رساندن به بدن یا اعمالی که موجب وهن مذهب می گردد(مانند قمه زنی و...)؛ جواز شرعی پیدا می کند؟] ( What is the rule of Tatbir?(Persian)). Accessed: 2023/09/28. | |||
*[http://www.almazaheri.ir/farsi/Index.aspx?TabID=0005&ID=1029&CategoryNum=163 قمه زنی در ملاء عام و در خفاء چه جکمی دارد؟] ( What is the rule of Tatbir?(Persian)). Accessed: 2023/09/28. | |||
*[https://noorihamedani.ir/post/view?id=7811 پیام حضرت آیت الله العظمی نوری همدانی «مد ظله» در مورد واقعه عاشورا و قمه زنی] ( The message of Ayatullah Nuri Hamidani about the event of 'Ashura and Tatbir(Persian)). Accessed: 2023/09/28. | |||
*[https://www.jamaran.news/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-59/59429-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8% حضرت آیت الله سبحانی: رابطه روایات اضرار به نفس و قمه زنی چیست؟] (what is the relationship between forbiddance of self-harm and Tatbir? (Persian)). Accessed: 2023/09/28. | |||
*[https://pasokhgooyan.ir/culture/8472/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d9%88%d9%87%d9%86-%d8%af%db%8c%d9%86-%d9%88-%db%8c%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%b0%d9%87%d8%a8-%da%86%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%9f/ مقصود از وهن دین و یا مذهب چیست؟] ( what does mean undermining the religion and the denomination?(Persian)). Accessed: 2023/09/28. | |||
*[https://shoaresal.ir/fa/news/83341/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D8%B2-25-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B9-%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%82%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B2%D9%86%DB%8C نظر بیش از 25 مرجع تقلید در مورد قمه زنی] (Opinions of Maraji'-i Taqlid about the rule of Tatbir (Persian)). Accessed: 2023/09/28. | |||