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Marriage formula: Difference between revisions
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Reciting a sermon before reciting the Marriage formula is among the practices [[recommended]] before reciting the Marriage formula.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 5, p. 477; Babāzāda, ''Marāsim-i ʿarūsī'', p. 108.</ref> In this sermon, the praises of [[God]], the [[Prophet (s)]] and the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] are mentioned.<ref>Babāzāda, ''Marāsim-i ʿarūsī'', p. 108.</ref> Sermons of the marriages between the Prophet (s) and [[Lady Khadija (a)]], [[Imam Ali (a)]] and [[Lady Fatima (a)]] and other Shi'a [[Imams (a)]] are narrated in the books of [[jurisprudence]] and [[hadith]]s.<ref>See: Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 103, p. 269; Kulaynī, ''al-Furūʿ min al-Kāfī'', vol. 5, p. 370.</ref> | Reciting a sermon before reciting the Marriage formula is among the practices [[recommended]] before reciting the Marriage formula.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 5, p. 477; Babāzāda, ''Marāsim-i ʿarūsī'', p. 108.</ref> In this sermon, the praises of [[God]], the [[Prophet (s)]] and the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] are mentioned.<ref>Babāzāda, ''Marāsim-i ʿarūsī'', p. 108.</ref> Sermons of the marriages between the Prophet (s) and [[Lady Khadija (a)]], [[Imam Ali (a)]] and [[Lady Fatima (a)]] and other Shi'a [[Imams (a)]] are narrated in the books of [[jurisprudence]] and [[hadith]]s.<ref>See: Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 103, p. 269; Kulaynī, ''al-Furūʿ min al-Kāfī'', vol. 5, p. 370.</ref> | ||
The Prophet (s) recited the sermon below before the marriage of Ali (a) and Fatima (a), | The Prophet (s) recited the sermon below before the marriage of Ali (a) and Fatima (a), | ||
{{centered pull quote|Al-hamd-u li Allah al-ladhi rafa'-a al-sama' fa bana-ha, wa basat-a al-ard fa daha-ha, wa athbata-ha bi l-jibal fa arsa-ha, akhraj-a min-ha ma'-a-ha wa mar'a-ha, al-ladhi ta'azam-a an sifat al-wasifin ... Ayyu-ha l-nas! inna-ma al-anbiya' hujaj Allah fi ardih, al-natiqun bi kitabih, al-amilun bi wahyih, inna Allah azz-a wa jall amar-a-ni an uzawwij-a karimat-i Fatima bi akhi wa-bn-i ammi wa awla l-nas bi Ali b. Abi Talib, wa qad zawwaj-a-hu fi l-sama' bi shahadat al-mala'ika, wa amar-a-ni an uzawwij-a-hu wa ushhid-u-kum ala dhalik.<ref>{{ia|الحمدلله الذی رفع السمآء فبناها، وبسط الارض فدحاها، وأثبتها بالجبال فأرسیها، أخرج منها ماءها و مرعیها، الذی تعاظم عن صفات الواصفین...أیها الناس إنما الانبیاء حجج الله فی أرضه، الناطقون بکتابه، العاملون بوحیه، إن الله عزوجل أمرنی أن ازوج کریمتی فاطمة بأخی وابن عمی و أولی الناس بی علی بن أبی‌طالب، و [أن] قد زوجه فی السماء بشهادة الملائکة، وأمرنی أن ازوجه واشهدکم علی ذلک}}</ref>}} | {{centered pull quote|Al-hamd-u li Allah al-ladhi rafa'-a al-sama' fa bana-ha, wa basat-a al-ard fa daha-ha, wa athbata-ha bi l-jibal fa arsa-ha, akhraj-a min-ha ma'-a-ha wa mar'a-ha, al-ladhi ta'azam-a an sifat al-wasifin ... Ayyu-ha l-nas! inna-ma al-anbiya' hujaj Allah fi ardih, al-natiqun bi kitabih, al-amilun bi wahyih, inna Allah azz-a wa jall amar-a-ni an uzawwij-a karimat-i Fatima bi akhi wa-bn-i ammi wa awla l-nas bi Ali b. Abi Talib, wa qad zawwaj-a-hu fi l-sama' bi shahadat al-mala'ika, wa amar-a-ni an uzawwij-a-hu wa ushhid-u-kum ala dhalik.<ref>{{ia|الحمدلله الذی رفع السمآء فبناها، وبسط الارض فدحاها، وأثبتها بالجبال فأرسیها، أخرج منها ماءها و مرعیها، الذی تعاظم عن صفات الواصفین...أیها الناس إنما الانبیاء حجج الله فی أرضه، الناطقون بکتابه، العاملون بوحیه، إن الله عزوجل أمرنی أن ازوج کریمتی فاطمة بأخی وابن عمی و أولی الناس بی علی بن أبی‌طالب، و [أن] قد زوجه فی السماء بشهادة الملائکة، وأمرنی أن ازوجه واشهدکم علی ذلک}}; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 103, p. 269-270.</ref>}} | ||
== Conditions == | == Conditions == | ||
Marriage formula has some conditions: | Marriage formula has some conditions: | ||
'''1-''' It has to be recited in Arabic. However, some jurists have considered non-Arabic formula valid as well, provided that such words are used which convey the meanings of "zawwajt-u" and "qabilt-u". | '''1-''' It has to be recited in Arabic.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 851.</ref> However, some jurists have considered non-Arabic formula valid as well, provided that such words are used which convey the meanings of "zawwajt-u" and "qabilt-u".<ref>Imām Khomeinī, ''Tawdīh al-masa'il'', vol. 2, p. 585.</ref> | ||
'''2-''' The person reciting the formula should have originative intention; meaning that upon reciting the Marriage formula, his intention should be to originate and establish the marital relationship between the man and the woman. | '''2-''' The person reciting the formula should have originative intention; meaning that upon reciting the Marriage formula, his intention should be to originate and establish the marital relationship between the man and the woman.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 852.</ref> | ||
'''3-''' The person reciting the formula should be [[Puberty|mature]] and sane. | '''3-''' The person reciting the formula should be [[Puberty|mature]] and sane.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 853.</ref> | ||
'''4-''' The person reciting the formula should specify the man and the woman; for example, he should say their names or mention them. | '''4-''' The person reciting the formula should specify the man and the woman; for example, he should say their names or mention them.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 854.</ref> | ||
'''5-''' The man and the woman should be consent about the recitation of the Marriage formula. | '''5-''' The man and the woman should be consent about the recitation of the Marriage formula.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 851.</ref> | ||
'''6-''' There should be no delay between the proposition and the acceptance. | '''6-''' There should be no delay between the proposition and the acceptance. | ||
'''7-''' The Marriage formula should be recited in correct manner. If even one letter is changed in the formula which changes the meaning, the contract will be void. | '''7-''' The Marriage formula should be recited in correct manner.<ref>Imām Khomeinī, ''Tawdīh al-masa'il'', vol. 2, p. 587.</ref> If even one letter is changed in the formula which changes the meaning, the contract will be void.<ref>Imām Khomeinī, ''Tawdīh al-masa'il'', vol. 2, p. 587.</ref> | ||
'''8-''' It is not necessary that the words the man says match with those the woman says; for example, it is not necessary that if the woman says "zawwajt-u", then the man says, "qabbalt-u al-tazwij". | '''8-''' It is not necessary that the words the man says match with those the woman says; for example, it is not necessary that if the woman says "zawwajt-u", then the man says, "qabbalt-u al-tazwij".<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 852.</ref> | ||
== Mahramiyya Formula== | == Mahramiyya Formula== | ||
{{main|Mahramiyya Formula}} | {{main|Mahramiyya Formula}} | ||
It refers to the Marriage formula, the intention of reciting which is to establish [[Mahramiyya]] (without [[sexual gratification]]). For example, when a man wants to become [[Mahram]] with a woman, he recites the formula for [[temporary marriage]] with the woman's daughter – that in such cases, usually her little daughter would be chosen – with the permission of her guardian, for a short time, such as one hour, so that the mother of that girl becomes the man's mother-in-law and becomes mahram to him forever. | It refers to the Marriage formula, the intention of reciting which is to establish [[Mahramiyya]] (without [[sexual gratification]]). For example, when a man wants to become [[Mahram]] with a woman, he recites the formula for [[temporary marriage]] with the woman's daughter – that in such cases, usually her little daughter would be chosen – with the permission of her guardian, for a short time, such as one hour, so that the mother of that girl becomes the man's mother-in-law and becomes mahram to him forever.<ref>Shāhrūdī, ''Farhang-i fiqh'', vol. 5, p. 124.</ref> | ||
There is a disagreement among [[jurist]]s about the validity of such a contract. Some of them consider it absolutely valid. On the opposite, some others consider it absolutely invalid or valid under certain conditions. | There is a disagreement among [[jurist]]s about the validity of such a contract.<ref>Shāhrūdī, ''Farhang-i fiqh'', vol. 5, p. 125.</ref> Some of them consider it absolutely valid.<ref>Baḥrānī, ''al-Durar al-najafīyya'', vol. 3, p. 205-220; Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 29, p. 213-214.</ref> On the opposite, some others consider it absolutely invalid<ref>Qummi, ''Jāmiʿ al-shatāt''</ref> or valid under certain conditions.<ref>Anṣārī, ''Sirat al-najat'', p. 244; Narāqī, ''Rasāʾil wa masāʾil'', p. 98.</ref> | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* Anṣārī, Masʿūd and Ṭāhirī, Muḥammad Alī. ''Dānishnāma-yi huqūq-i khuṣūṣī''. Tehran: Intisharat-i Mihrab-i Fikr, 1384 Sh. | * Anṣārī, Masʿūd and Ṭāhirī, Muḥammad Alī. ''Dānishnāma-yi huqūq-i khuṣūṣī''. Tehran: Intisharat-i Mihrab-i Fikr, 1384 Sh. | ||
* Anṣārī, Murtaḍā. ''Sirat al-najat''. Edited by Muhammad Husayn Fallahzada. Qom: Intishārāt-i Kungira-yi Buzurgdāsht-i Diwistumīn Sālgard-i Tawallud-i Shaykh Anṣārī, 1373 Sh. | * Anṣārī, Murtaḍā. ''Sirat al-najat''. Edited by Muhammad Husayn Fallahzada. Qom: Intishārāt-i Kungira-yi Buzurgdāsht-i Diwistumīn Sālgard-i Tawallud-i Shaykh Anṣārī, 1373 Sh. | ||
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* Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Wafāʾ, 1403 AH. | * Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Wafāʾ, 1403 AH. | ||
* Najafī, Muḥammad al-Ḥasan al-. ''Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1404 AH. | * Najafī, Muḥammad al-Ḥasan al-. ''Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1404 AH. | ||
* Qummi, Abu l-Qasim b. Muhammad Hasan al-. '' | * Narāqī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad Mahdī. ''Rasāʾil wa masāʾil''. Qom: Kungira-yi Buzurgdāsht-i Mullā Mahdī Mullā Aḥmad Narāqī, 1380 Sh. | ||
* Qummi, Abu l-Qasim b. Muhammad Hasan al-. ''Jāmiʿ al-shatāt''. Tehran: Muʾassisat Kayhan, 1371 Sh. | |||
* Ṣaymarī, Muflih b. Ḥasan al-. ''Ghāyat al-marām fī sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-islām''. Edited by Ja'far al-Kawtharani al-Amili. Beirut: 1420 AH. | * Ṣaymarī, Muflih b. Ḥasan al-. ''Ghāyat al-marām fī sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-islām''. Edited by Ja'far al-Kawtharani al-Amili. Beirut: 1420 AH. | ||
* Shāhrūdī, Sayyid Maḥmūd. ''Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq bā madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt''. Qom: Muʾassisat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Fiqh al-Islāmī, 1392 Sh. | * Shāhrūdī, Sayyid Maḥmūd. ''Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq bā madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt''. Qom: Muʾassisat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Fiqh al-Islāmī, 1392 Sh. | ||
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