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Ikrima b. Abi Jahl: Difference between revisions
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'''ʿIkrima b. Abī Jahl''' (Arabic:{{ia|عِکْرِمَة بن أبي جَهْل}}) (d. [[13 AH|13]]/634-5 or [[15 AH|15]]/636-7 ) was a senior figure of the [[Quraysh tribe]] who was hostile toward the [[Prophet (s)]], but soon after the [[Conquest of Mecca]], he converted to Islam and became one of the [[companions of the Prophet (s)]]. Early after the | '''ʿIkrima b. Abī Jahl''' (Arabic:{{ia|عِکْرِمَة بن أبي جَهْل}}) (d. [[13 AH|13]]/634-5 or [[15 AH|15]]/636-7 ) was a senior figure of the [[Quraysh tribe]] who was hostile toward the [[Prophet (s)]], but soon after the [[Conquest of Mecca]], he converted to Islam and became one of the [[companions of the Prophet (s)]]. Early after the Prophet's (s) [[bi'tha]] (beginning of the prophetical mission), he was an enemy of the Prophet (s) and participated in the battles of [[Battle of Badr|Badr]], [[Battle of Uhud|Uhud]], and [[Battle of Khandaq|Khandaq]] against the Islamic army. His father, [[Abu Jahl]], was also a senior figure in [[Mecca]] and an enemy of the Prophet (s). | ||
After the Conquest of Mecca, the Prophet (s) issued an amnesty for all inhabitants of Mecca, except a few, including 'Ikrima b. Abi Jahl. 'Ikrima fled to [[Yemen]], but his wife went to the Prophet (s) and received a safety conduct for her husband. After the safety conduct, he returned to Mecca and converted to Islam. After the [[Demise of the Prophet (s)| | After the Conquest of Mecca, the Prophet (s) issued an amnesty for all inhabitants of Mecca, except a few, including 'Ikrima b. Abi Jahl. 'Ikrima fled to [[Yemen]], but his wife went to the Prophet (s) and received a safety conduct for her husband. After the safety conduct, he returned to Mecca and converted to Islam. After the [[Demise of the Prophet (s)|Prophet's (s) demise]], [[Abu Bakr]] appointed 'Ikrima as a commander of [[Ridda wars]]. Finally, 'Ikrima was killed in the [[Battle of the Yarmuk]]. | ||
==Family and Characteristics== | ==Family and Characteristics== | ||
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'Ikrima did not have a posterity<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 334.</ref> because his son 'Umar was killed in the Battle of Yarmuk.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 3, p. 681.</ref> | 'Ikrima did not have a posterity<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 334.</ref> because his son 'Umar was killed in the Battle of Yarmuk.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-ghāba'', vol. 3, p. 681.</ref> | ||
'Ikrima was known as a nobleman in [[Mecca]]<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 312.</ref> and a senior figure of the [[period of Jahiliyya]].<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', vol. 3, p. 99.</ref> He is also described as a well-known brave warrior.<ref>Ibn Kalbī, ''Jumhurat al-nasab'', p. 85.</ref> His wife was Umm Halim<ref>Ibn Kalbī, ''Jumhurat al-nasab'', p. 86.</ref> or Umm Hakim, the daughter of Harith b. Hisham<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 932.</ref>, who received a safety conduct for him from the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam'', vol. 4, p. 155.</ref> | 'Ikrima was known as a nobleman in [[Mecca]]<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 312.</ref> and a senior figure of the [[period of Jahiliyya]].<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', vol. 3, p. 99.</ref> He is also described as a well-known brave warrior.<ref>Ibn Kalbī, ''Jumhurat al-nasab'', p. 85.</ref> His wife was Umm Halim<ref>Ibn Kalbī, ''Jumhurat al-nasab'', p. 86.</ref> or Umm Hakim, the daughter of Harith b. Hisham<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb, vol. 4, p. 932.''</ref>, who received a safety conduct for him from the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam'', vol. 4, p. 155.</ref> | ||
==Hostility toward the Prophet (s)== | ==Hostility toward the Prophet (s)== | ||
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After the [[Battle of Hunayn]], the Prophet (s) divided the booties of the war only among the [[Quraysh]] to reconcile their hearts, including 'Ikrima b. Abi Jahl.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 145.</ref> During his [[Farewell Hajj]], the Prophet (s) appointed 'Ikrima in charge of collecting the [[zakat]] of the Hawazin tribe.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 4.</ref> | After the [[Battle of Hunayn]], the Prophet (s) divided the booties of the war only among the [[Quraysh]] to reconcile their hearts, including 'Ikrima b. Abi Jahl.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 1, p. 145.</ref> During his [[Farewell Hajj]], the Prophet (s) appointed 'Ikrima in charge of collecting the [[zakat]] of the Hawazin tribe.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 6, p. 4.</ref> | ||
After the | After the Prophet's (s) demise, [[Abu Bakr]] sent 'Ikrima to [[Ridda wars]] to fight people like [[Ash'ath b. Qays]]<ref>Ibn Aʿtham, ''al-Futūḥ'', vol. 1, p. 57.</ref>, [[Musaylama]]<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil'', vol. 2, p. 360.</ref>, and some other [[apostates]] in [[Oman]].<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', vol. 3, p. 99.</ref> He then appointed him as the ruler of some areas in the [[Levant]].<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', vol. 3, p. 99.</ref> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||