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Ikrima b. Abi Jahl: Difference between revisions
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| Activities = Among the enemies of the Prophet (s) | | Activities = Among the enemies of the Prophet (s) | ||
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'''ʿIkrima b. Abī Jahl''' (Arabic:{{ia|عِکْرِمَة بن أبي جَهْل}}) (d. [[13 AH|13]]/634-5 or [[15 AH|15]]/636-7 ) was a senior figure of the [[Quraysh tribe]] who was hostile toward the [[Prophet (s)]], but soon after the [[Conquest of Mecca]], he converted to Islam and became one of the [[companions of the Prophet (s)]]. Early after the Prophet's (s) [[bi'tha]] (beginning of the prophetical mission), he was an enemy of the Prophet (s) | '''ʿIkrima b. Abī Jahl''' (Arabic:{{ia|عِکْرِمَة بن أبي جَهْل}}) (d. [[13 AH|13]]/634-5 or [[15 AH|15]]/636-7 ) was a senior figure of the [[Quraysh tribe]] who was hostile toward the [[Prophet (s)]], but soon after the [[Conquest of Mecca]], he converted to Islam and became one of the [[companions of the Prophet (s)]]. Early after the Prophet's (s) [[bi'tha]] (beginning of the prophetical mission), he was an enemy of the Prophet (s). He participated in the battles of [[Battle of Badr|Badr]], [[Battle of Uhud|Uhud]], and [[Battle of Khandaq|Khandaq]] against the Islamic army. His father, [[Abu Jahl]], was also a senior figure in [[Mecca]] and an enemy of the Prophet (s). | ||
After the Conquest of Mecca, the Prophet (s) issued an amnesty for all inhabitants of Mecca, except a few, including 'Ikrima b. Abi Jahl. 'Ikrima fled to [[Yemen]], but his wife went to the Prophet (s) and received a safety conduct for her husband. After the safety conduct, he returned to Mecca and converted to Islam. After the [[Demise of the Prophet (s)|Prophet's (s) demise]], [[Abu Bakr]] appointed 'Ikrima as a commander of [[Ridda wars]]. Finally, 'Ikrima was killed in the [[Battle of the Yarmuk]]. | After the Conquest of Mecca, the Prophet (s) issued an amnesty for all inhabitants of Mecca, except a few, including 'Ikrima b. Abi Jahl. 'Ikrima fled to [[Yemen]], but his wife went to the Prophet (s) and received a safety conduct for her husband. After the safety conduct, he returned to Mecca and converted to Islam. After the [[Demise of the Prophet (s)|Prophet's (s) demise]], [[Abu Bakr]] appointed 'Ikrima as a commander of [[Ridda wars]]. Finally, 'Ikrima was killed in the [[Battle of the Yarmuk]]. | ||
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==Hostility toward the Prophet (s)== | ==Hostility toward the Prophet (s)== | ||
Like his father, 'Ikrima was hostile toward the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Ḥajar, ''al-Iṣāba'', vol. 4, p. 443.</ref> He participated in the [[Battle of Badr]] against the polytheists and killed a person from [[Ansar]].<ref>Wāqidī, ''al-Maghāzī'', vol. 1, p. 301.</ref> Moreover, he amputated the hand of a person who had a role in killing his father.<ref>Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 7, p. 258.</ref> | |||
In the [[Battle of Uhud]], 'Ikrima was the commander of a part of the polytheist army.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 316.</ref> When Muslim archers left the mountain pass, he and [[Khalid b. al-Walid]] attacked Muslims from behind, which caused the defeat of the Islamic army.<ref>Ibn Sayyid, ''ʿUyūn al-athar'', vol. 2, p. 19.</ref> | In the [[Battle of Uhud]], 'Ikrima was the commander of a part of the polytheist army.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 1, p. 316.</ref> When Muslim archers left the mountain pass, he and [[Khalid b. al-Walid]] attacked Muslims from behind, which caused the defeat of the Islamic army.<ref>Ibn Sayyid, ''ʿUyūn al-athar'', vol. 2, p. 19.</ref> | ||
After the Battle of Uhud, 'Ikrima, [[Abu Sufyan]], and [[Abu l-A'war al-Sulami]] received | After the Battle of Uhud, 'Ikrima, [[Abu Sufyan]], and [[Abu l-A'war al-Sulami]] received safety conduct from the Prophet (s) and then went to [[Medina]] to negotiate with him. They asked the Prophet (s) not to slander al-Lat, al-'Uzza, and Manat and to state that they are beneficial so that they would say nothing about the God of Muslims. These words upset the Prophet (s), who ordered them to leave Medina. At that time, the first verse of [[Quran 33]] was revealed: | ||
{{pull quote | {{pull quote | ||
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|source=33:1}} <ref>Wāḥidī, ''Asbāb al-nuzūl al-Qurʾān'', p. 364.</ref> | |source=33:1}} <ref>Wāḥidī, ''Asbāb al-nuzūl al-Qurʾān'', p. 364.</ref> | ||
'Ikrima participated in the [[Battle of the Trench]] | 'Ikrima also participated in the [[Battle of the Trench]]. Together with [['Amr b. 'Abd Wadd]], he passed the trench and went inside the Muslim army. However, when 'Amr was killed, he returned.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 573.</ref> | ||
==Conversion to Islam== | ==Conversion to Islam== | ||