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Al-'Abbas (a): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox descendant of Imam | {{Infobox descendant of Imam | ||
| name = <!--default is the page name--> | | name = <!--default is the page name--> | ||
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| Place of Birth = [[Medina]] | | Place of Birth = [[Medina]] | ||
| Place of Residence = Medina | | Place of Residence = Medina | ||
| Spouse(s) = Lubaba bt. | | Spouse(s) = Lubaba bt. Ubayd Allah b. al-'Abbas | ||
| Children = al-Fadl, | | Children = al-Fadl, Ubayd Allah | ||
| Demise = [[Muharram 10]], [[61]]/[[October 13]], 680 | | Demise = [[Muharram 10]], [[61]]/[[October 13]], 680 | ||
| Place of burial = [[Karbala]] | | Place of burial = [[Karbala]] | ||
| Age = 34 | | Age = 34 | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAlī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|العبّاس بن علي}}) (b. [[26]]/647 - d. [[61]]/681), known as '''Abū l-Faḍl''' (the Father of Excellence) and '''Qamar Banī al-Hāshim''' (the Moon of Banu Hashim), is the son of [[Imam Ali (a)]] and [[Umm al-Banin]]. He was the commander and standard-bearer of the caravan of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] in the [[Event of Ashura']]. | '''Al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAlī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|العبّاس بن علي}}) (b. [[26]]/647 - d. [[61]]/681), known as '''Abū l-Faḍl''' (the Father of Excellence) and '''Qamar Banī al-Hāshim''' (the Moon of Banu Hashim), is the son of [[Imam Ali (a)]] and [[Umm al-Banin]]. He was the commander and standard-bearer of the caravan of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] in the [[Event of Ashura']]. | ||
Abbas is considered by Shi'a among the children of Imams (a) holding the highest positions. Shi'a speak of his merits and mourn for him especially on the Day of [[Tasu'a]] (9th of [[Muharram]]). | Abbas is considered by Shi'a among the children of Imams (a) holding the highest positions. Shi'a speak of his merits and mourn for him especially on the Day of [[Tasu'a]] (9th of [[Muharram]]). | ||
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== Wife and Children == | == Wife and Children == | ||
'Abbas married Lubaba, daughter of [[ | 'Abbas married Lubaba, daughter of [[Ubayd Allah b. 'Abbas]].<ref>Zubayrī, ''Nasab Quraysh'', vol. 1, p. 79; Baghdādī, ''al-Muḥabbar'', vol. 1, p. 44</ref> They had two sons called al-Fadl and Ubayd Allah. Sources have reported other children for him named Hasan, Qasim, Muhammad, and a daughter. It is said that Qasim and Muhammad were martyred after their father. The progeny of al-Abbas continued through Ubayd Allah. | ||
Many shrines are attributed to the descendants of al-Abbas in different cities including [[Isfahan]], [[Qom]], and [[Zanjan]].<ref>See: Rabbānī Khalkhālī, ''Chihra-yi dirakhshān-i qamar-i banī hāshim'', vol. 2, p. 127-227</ref> | Many shrines are attributed to the descendants of al-Abbas in different cities including [[Isfahan]], [[Qom]], and [[Zanjan]].<ref>See: Rabbānī Khalkhālī, ''Chihra-yi dirakhshān-i qamar-i banī hāshim'', vol. 2, p. 127-227</ref> | ||
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{{Mourning of Muharram}} | {{Mourning of Muharram}} | ||
From the beginning of the movement of Imam al-Husayn (a) | From the beginning of the movement of Imam al-Husayn (a) from Medina to the [[Day of Ashura]], al-Abbas was with his brother, [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], till the end. | ||
=== Bringing Water === | === Bringing Water === | ||
On the 7th of Muharram, when [[ | On the 7th of Muharram, when [[Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] ordered [['Umar b. Sa'd]] to subdue Husayn (a) and his companions and prevent their access to the water of the [[Euphrates]], Imam (a) called al-'Abbas and sent 30 horsemen with 20 foot soldiers with him to fill leather water pouches with water and return to the camp. In this attack, no one got hurt from the companions of Imam al-Husayn (a) but some of the troops of Umar b. Sa'd got killed.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 412; Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 7, p. 430; Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 78</ref> | ||
On the day of Ashura', he (a) went again to Euphrates to bring water by the order of Imam (a), but when he filled a leather water pouch, on the way back to the tents, they shot his leather water pouch and martyred him.<ref>Pīshwāyī, ''Maqtal-i jāmiʿ-i Sayyid al-shuhadāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 838</ref> | On the day of Ashura', he (a) went again to the Euphrates to bring water by the order of Imam (a), but when he filled a leather water pouch, on the way back to the tents, they shot his leather water pouch and martyred him.<ref>Pīshwāyī, ''Maqtal-i jāmiʿ-i Sayyid al-shuhadāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 838</ref> | ||
===Rejecting the Safe Conduct=== | ===Rejecting the Safe Conduct=== | ||
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=== Breaking the Siege of the Enemy === | === Breaking the Siege of the Enemy === | ||
In the first hours of the battle, four troops of Imam al-Husayn (a) with the names of [[Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi]], [[Jabir b. al-Harith al-Salmani]], [[Mujammi' b. 'Abd Allah al-'Aidhi]] and [[Sa'd Mawla of 'Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi|Sa'd, the slave of Amr b. Khalid]] made a group attack | In the first hours of the battle, four troops of Imam al-Husayn (a) with the names of [[Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi]], [[Jabir b. al-Harith al-Salmani]], [[Mujammi' b. 'Abd Allah al-'Aidhi]], and [[Sa'd Mawla of 'Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi|Sa'd, the freed slave of Amr b. Khalid]] made a group attack on the army of Kufa. | ||
The enemy besieged them. When the ring of siege was so tightened that they completely disconnected from Imam's (a) army, al-'Abbas rushed towards them alone and succeeded to break the siege and rescue the four.<ref>Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 7, p. 430; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446; Māzandarānī, ''Maʿālī l-sibtayn'', vol. 1, p. 443</ref> | The enemy besieged them. When the ring of siege was so tightened that they completely disconnected from Imam's (a) army, al-'Abbas rushed towards them alone and succeeded to break the siege and rescue the four.<ref>Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 7, p. 430; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446; Māzandarānī, ''Maʿālī l-sibtayn'', vol. 1, p. 443</ref> | ||
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[[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] wrote: | [[Al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] wrote: | ||
: "When al-'Abbas b. 'Ali (a), may God's blessings be upon him, saw that many of his relatives were martyred, told his brothers [['Abd Allah b. 'Ali|'Abd Allah]], [[Ja'far b. 'Ali|Ja'far]], and [['Uthman b. 'Ali|'Uthman]], 'O sons of my mother! You go ahead so that I see you have purified your goal for God and the Prophet (s) since you do not have any children.' Then 'Abd Allah went to battle and fought severely. Then he and [[Hani b. Thubayt al-Hadrami]] exchanged two hits of sword and Hani killed him. Then Ja'far b. 'Ali (a), may God's blessings be upon him, went ahead and Hani killed him too. When 'Uthman b. 'Ali filled the empty place of his brothers, [[Khawli b. Yazid]] shot an arrow toward him and dropped him down. Then, a man from Banu Darim attacked him and beheaded him. | |||
:: [[File:The ceremony of Alambandan in Masuleh Iran.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|The traditional mourning ceremony of [['Alambandan]] in [[Masuleh]], a city in northern [[Iran]]. In this ceremony which is done every year in [[mourning]] days of [[Muharram]], people of the city do Sinizani, while they're singing a special song about [['Abbas b. 'Ali (a)]].]] | :: [[File:The ceremony of Alambandan in Masuleh Iran.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|The traditional mourning ceremony of [['Alambandan]] in [[Masuleh]], a city in northern [[Iran]]. In this ceremony which is done every year in [[mourning]] days of [[Muharram]], people of the city do Sinizani, while they're singing a special song about [['Abbas b. 'Ali (a)]].]] | ||
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:: The army of 'Umar b. Sa'd rushed toward the camp of Imam al-Husayn (a) and besieged them. When Imam (a) became so thirsty went on the top of a hill and headed towards the Euphrates while his brother al-'Abbas was walking ahead of him. | :: The army of 'Umar b. Sa'd rushed toward the camp of Imam al-Husayn (a) and besieged them. When Imam (a) became so thirsty went on the top of a hill and headed towards the Euphrates while his brother al-'Abbas was walking ahead of him. | ||
:: The army of 'Umar b. Sa'd stopped them. Among them, there was a man from Banu Darim tribe who told the army, "Woe be to you! Stop him from reaching the Euphrates and do not let him reach the water. Imam al-Husayn (a) said, "O God! Let him die thirsty!" That man became angry and shot an arrow towards Imam (a) which hit Imam (a) under his chin. Imam (a) took the arrow out and put his hand on the wound. When his hand became full of blood, let it spill and said, "O God! I complain to you about what they do about the son of the Prophet's (s) daughter." He (a) then came back while he (a) was very thirsty. The army besieged al-'Abbas and separated him from Imam al-Husayn (a). He (a) fought them until he was martyred. [[Zayd b. Warqa' al-Hanafi]] and [[Hakim b. Tufayl al-Sunbusi]] killed al-'Abbas after he (a) could not move due to severity of his wounds.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', p. 411-412</ref> | :: The army of 'Umar b. Sa'd stopped them. Among them, there was a man from Banu Darim tribe who told the army, "Woe be to you! Stop him from reaching the Euphrates and do not let him reach the water. Imam al-Husayn (a) said, "O God! Let him die thirsty!" That man became angry and shot an arrow towards Imam (a) which hit Imam (a) under his chin. Imam (a) took the arrow out and put his hand on the wound. When his hand became full of blood, let it spill and said, "O God! I complain to you about what they do about the son of the Prophet's (s) daughter." He (a) then came back while he (a) was very thirsty. The army besieged al-'Abbas and separated him from Imam al-Husayn (a). He (a) fought them until he was martyred. [[Zayd b. Warqa' al-Hanafi]] and [[Hakim b. Tufayl al-Sunbusi]] killed al-'Abbas after he (a) could not move due to the severity of his wounds.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', p. 411-412</ref> | ||
About his martyrdom, al-Khwarazmi said, "al-Abbas went to the battle and attacked the enemy while he (a) was making war cry and was martyred after he (a) killed some and wounded some others. Then Imam (a) came and sat with him and said: | About his martyrdom, al-Khwarazmi said, "al-Abbas went to the battle and attacked the enemy while he (a) was making war cry and was martyred after he (a) killed some and wounded some others. Then Imam (a) came and sat with him and said: | ||
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*Tabrisi, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Iʿlām al-wara bi-aʿlām al-hudā''. Qom: [n.p], 1417 AH. | *Tabrisi, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Iʿlām al-wara bi-aʿlām al-hudā''. Qom: [n.p], 1417 AH. | ||
*Zubayrī, Musʿab b. ʿAbd al-. ''Nasab Quraysh''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿārif li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1953. | *Zubayrī, Musʿab b. ʿAbd al-. ''Nasab Quraysh''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿārif li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1953. | ||
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{{Martyrs of Karbala}} | {{Martyrs of Karbala}} | ||
{{Template:Imam 'Ali (a)}} | {{Template:Imam 'Ali (a)}} | ||
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{{Template:Companions of Imam al-Husayn (a)}} | {{Template:Companions of Imam al-Husayn (a)}} | ||
{{Battle of Karbala}} | {{Battle of Karbala}} | ||
[[fa:حضرت عباس علیه السلام]] | [[fa:حضرت عباس علیه السلام]] | ||
[[ar:العباس بن علي بن أبي طالب عليه السلام]] | [[ar:العباس بن علي بن أبي طالب عليه السلام]] | ||
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[[id:Abbas bin Ali As]] | [[id:Abbas bin Ali As]] | ||
[[de:ʿAbbās b. ʿAlī (a.)]] | [[de:ʿAbbās b. ʿAlī (a.)]] | ||
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[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]] | [[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]] | ||