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Al-'Abbas (a): Difference between revisions
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'''Al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAlī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|العبّاس بن علي}}) (b. [[26]]/647 - d. [[61]]/681), known as '''Abū l-Faḍl''' (the Father of Excellence) and '''Qamar Banī | '''Al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAlī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|العبّاس بن علي}}) (b. [[26]]/647 - d. [[61]]/681), known as '''Abū l-Faḍl''' (the Father of Excellence) and '''Qamar Banī l-Hāshim''' (the Moon of Banu Hashim), is the son of [[Imam Ali (a)]] and [[Umm al-Banin]]. He was the commander and standard-bearer of the caravan of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] in the [[Battle of Ashura']]. | ||
Abbas is considered by Shi'a among the children of Imams (a) holding the highest positions. Shi'a speak of his merits and mourn for him especially on the Day of [[Tasu'a]] (9th of [[Muharram]]). | Abbas is considered by Shi'a among the children of Imams (a) holding the highest positions. Shi'a speak of his merits and mourn for him especially on the Day of [[Tasu'a]] (9th of [[Muharram]]). | ||
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According to reports, after the caravan of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] faced with the problem of the shortage of water, al-'Abbas succeeded to bring water for the family and companions of Imam al-Husayn (a) on the 7th of Muharram . On the day of 'Ashura', once again he (a) attempted to bring water from the [[Euphrates]]; but on his return, they shot his leather water pouch, cut his hands and martyred him. | According to reports, after the caravan of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] faced with the problem of the shortage of water, al-'Abbas succeeded to bring water for the family and companions of Imam al-Husayn (a) on the 7th of Muharram . On the day of 'Ashura', once again he (a) attempted to bring water from the [[Euphrates]]; but on his return, they shot his leather water pouch, cut his hands and martyred him. | ||
== Lineage, | == Lineage, Teknonym, and Titles == | ||
The father of al-'Abbas was the first Imam of Shi'a, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and his mother was [[Fatima bt. Hizam]] whom Imam 'Ali (a) married years after the martyrdom of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] and she was then known as Umm al-Banin.<ref>Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 7, p. 429; Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 285</ref> | The father of al-'Abbas was the first Imam of Shi'a, [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and his mother was [[Fatima bt. Hizam]] whom Imam 'Ali (a) married years after the martyrdom of [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] and she was then known as Umm al-Banin.<ref>Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 7, p. 429; Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 285</ref> | ||
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Many shrines are attributed to the descendants of al-Abbas in different cities including [[Isfahan]], [[Qom]], and [[Zanjan]].<ref>See: Rabbānī Khalkhālī, ''Chihra-yi dirakhshān-i qamar-i banī hāshim'', vol. 2, p. 127-227</ref> | Many shrines are attributed to the descendants of al-Abbas in different cities including [[Isfahan]], [[Qom]], and [[Zanjan]].<ref>See: Rabbānī Khalkhālī, ''Chihra-yi dirakhshān-i qamar-i banī hāshim'', vol. 2, p. 127-227</ref> | ||
== In the | == In the Battle of Karbala == | ||
{{Mourning of Muharram}} | {{Mourning of Muharram}} | ||
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:: The army of 'Umar b. Sa'd stopped them. Among them, there was a man from Banu Darim tribe who told the army, "Woe be to you! Stop him from reaching the Euphrates and do not let him reach the water. Imam al-Husayn (a) said, "O God! Let him die thirsty!" That man became angry and shot an arrow towards Imam (a) which hit Imam (a) under his chin. Imam (a) took the arrow out and put his hand on the wound. When his hand became full of blood, let it spill and said, "O God! I complain to you about what they do about the son of the Prophet's (s) daughter." He (a) then came back while he (a) was very thirsty. The army besieged al-'Abbas and separated him from Imam al-Husayn (a). He (a) fought them until he was martyred. [[Zayd b. Warqa' al-Hanafi]] and [[Hakim b. Tufayl al-Sunbusi]] killed al-'Abbas after he (a) could not move due to the severity of his wounds.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', p. 411-412</ref> | :: The army of 'Umar b. Sa'd stopped them. Among them, there was a man from Banu Darim tribe who told the army, "Woe be to you! Stop him from reaching the Euphrates and do not let him reach the water. Imam al-Husayn (a) said, "O God! Let him die thirsty!" That man became angry and shot an arrow towards Imam (a) which hit Imam (a) under his chin. Imam (a) took the arrow out and put his hand on the wound. When his hand became full of blood, let it spill and said, "O God! I complain to you about what they do about the son of the Prophet's (s) daughter." He (a) then came back while he (a) was very thirsty. The army besieged al-'Abbas and separated him from Imam al-Husayn (a). He (a) fought them until he was martyred. [[Zayd b. Warqa' al-Hanafi]] and [[Hakim b. Tufayl al-Sunbusi]] killed al-'Abbas after he (a) could not move due to the severity of his wounds.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', p. 411-412</ref> | ||
About his martyrdom, al- | About his martyrdom, al-Khwarizmi said, "al-Abbas went to the battle and attacked the enemy while he (a) was making war cry and was martyred after he (a) killed some and wounded some others. Then Imam (a) came and sat with him and said: | ||
::: "Now my back is broken and my solutions are diminished."<ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 34; Muqarram, ''Ḥādisa-yi Karbala'', p. 262</ref> | ::: "Now my back is broken and my solutions are diminished."<ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 34; Muqarram, ''Ḥādisa-yi Karbala'', p. 262</ref> | ||
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===Day of Tasu'a=== | ===Day of Tasu'a=== | ||
{{main|Tasu'a}} | {{main|Tasu'a}} | ||
In religious rituals of the first ten days of the month of Muharram, 9th of Muharram which is called the day of Tasu'a is dedicated to mourn for 'Abbas (a) and Shi'a hold mourning ceremonies for Abu | In religious rituals of the first ten days of the month of Muharram, 9th of Muharram which is called the day of Tasu'a is dedicated to mourn for 'Abbas (a) and Shi'a hold mourning ceremonies for Abu l-Fadl al-'Abbas (a) in the mosques, gatherings and [[Tekyeh|Tekyehs]]. | ||
===Ta'ziya=== | ===Ta'ziya=== | ||
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== In the Words of Imams (a) == | == In the Words of Imams (a) == | ||
===Imam al-Sajjad (a)=== | ===Imam al-Sajjad (a)=== | ||
[[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] | It is narrated from [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] that, "May God have mercy upon my uncle al-'Abbas. He surely made sacrifice and did a great fight until his hands were cut and he sacrificed himself for his brother. God gave him two wings like his uncle [[Ja'far al-Tayyar]] to fly in the paradise together with angels. Indeed, al-'Abbas has a position before the Almighty God that all the martyrs would wish to reach on the Day of Judgment."<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Khiṣāl'', vol. 1, p. 68</ref> | ||
===Imam al-Sadiq (a)=== | ===Imam al-Sadiq (a)=== | ||
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* [[Day of Ashura (events)]] | * [[Day of Ashura (events)]] | ||
* [[Day of Ashura]] | * [[Day of Ashura]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Battle of Karbala]] | ||
* [[Martyrs of Karbala]] | * [[Martyrs of Karbala]] | ||
* [[Day of Tasu'a]] | * [[Day of Tasu'a]] | ||
* [[Timeline of the | * [[Timeline of the Battle of 'Ashura']] | ||
* [[Statistics of the | * [[Statistics of the Battle of 'Ashura']] | ||
* [[Historical Anniversaries of Muharram]] | * [[Historical Anniversaries of Muharram]] | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||