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Ruqayya bt. al-Imam al-Husayn (a): Difference between revisions
Ruqayya bt. al-Imam al-Husayn (a) (view source)
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'''Ruqayya bt. al-Ḥusayn''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|رُقَیَّة بنت الحُسَین}}), according to some reports, was one of the daughters of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] who was present at the [[tragedy of Karbala]] and was amongst the [[captives of Karbala|captives]] that was taken to [[ | '''Ruqayya bt. al-Ḥusayn''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|رُقَیَّة بنت الحُسَین}}), according to some reports, was one of the daughters of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] who was present at the [[tragedy of Karbala]] and was amongst the [[captives of Karbala|captives]] that was taken to [[Syria]]. According to these reports, it was during this captivity in Syria that led to her [[martyrdom]] at the tender age of three. Currently there exists a mausoleum for her in the city of [[Damascus]], [[Syria]]. Ibn Fandaq in his book ''[[Lubab al-ansab]]'' mentions Ruqayya as being one of the daughters of Imam al-Husayn (a). However, about this daughter of the Imam (a) differences exist concerning her name and the way she was martyred. | ||
==Name in the books of History== | ==Name in the books of History== | ||
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{{Family tree Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | {{Family tree Ahl al-Bayt (a)}} | ||
==Passing Away in the Ruins of | ==Passing Away in the Ruins of Syria== | ||
{{main| | {{main|Ruins of Syria}} | ||
{{Mourning of Muharram}} | {{Mourning of Muharram}} | ||
===Report in ''Kamil baha'i''=== | ===Report in ''Kamil baha'i''=== | ||
Research has shown that the first book which mentioned the incident of a child passing away in | Research has shown that the first book which mentioned the incident of a child passing away in Syria was ''Kamil-i baha'i''. The book was written in [[Farsi]] by [[Hasan b. 'Ali al-Tabari]] (d. [[700]]/1300); the text he has written is as follows: | ||
::"It has come in ''al-Hawiya'' that the ladies from the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], in the state of captivity, after all the men had been [[martyr]]ed in the [[Battle of Karbala]]; they hid the truth from their sons and daughters and every child was promised and told that your father had gone on a journey and will return. They were then taken to the palace of [[Yazid]]. A four year old daughter woke up from her sleep and said:'Where is my father Husayn? I saw him in my dream extremely worried!' The ladies and children started to cry and began to wail. Yazid was asleep. He awoke and started to investigate. He was brought news that such has happened. That accursed person said, 'Go! And take the head of her father and place it next to her.' The doomed guards took the head to her and placed it beside the four year old girl. She asked:'What is this?' the doomed guards replied: 'It is the head of your father.' That daughter began to tremble and let out a scream and became very ill; and in the following days passed away." | ::"It has come in ''al-Hawiya'' that the ladies from the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], in the state of captivity, after all the men had been [[martyr]]ed in the [[Battle of Karbala]]; they hid the truth from their sons and daughters and every child was promised and told that your father had gone on a journey and will return. They were then taken to the palace of [[Yazid]]. A four year old daughter woke up from her sleep and said:'Where is my father Husayn? I saw him in my dream extremely worried!' The ladies and children started to cry and began to wail. Yazid was asleep. He awoke and started to investigate. He was brought news that such has happened. That accursed person said, 'Go! And take the head of her father and place it next to her.' The doomed guards took the head to her and placed it beside the four year old girl. She asked:'What is this?' the doomed guards replied: 'It is the head of your father.' That daughter began to tremble and let out a scream and became very ill; and in the following days passed away." | ||
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# The name of the daughter is not mentioned in the narration; | # The name of the daughter is not mentioned in the narration; | ||
# It states that she was four years old and not the commonly accepted three; | # It states that she was four years old and not the commonly accepted three; | ||
# It says that she passed way in the palace of Yazid and not in the [[ | # It says that she passed way in the palace of Yazid and not in the [[Ruins of Syria]] | ||
# It says that this happened a couple of days after seeing the head of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and not immediately after seeing it. | # It says that this happened a couple of days after seeing the head of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and not immediately after seeing it. | ||
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After Mulla Husayn Wa'idh Kashifi, [[Fakhr al-Din al-Turayhi]] (d. [[1058]]/1648) in his book ''[[al-Munthakhab]]'' describes this incident in a different manner. A part of the text found in ''al-Munthakhab'' is as follow: | After Mulla Husayn Wa'idh Kashifi, [[Fakhr al-Din al-Turayhi]] (d. [[1058]]/1648) in his book ''[[al-Munthakhab]]'' describes this incident in a different manner. A part of the text found in ''al-Munthakhab'' is as follow: | ||
::"It has been narrated that when the People of [[Allah]] and the [[household of the Prophet (s)]] entered upon [[Yazid]] in the city of [[ | ::"It has been narrated that when the People of [[Allah]] and the [[household of the Prophet (s)]] entered upon [[Yazid]] in the city of [[Syria]], he provided for them a specific house and it was in this house that they [[mourning of Muharram|mourned]]. Our Master, Imam al-Husayn (a) had a three year old daughter... the head of Imam al-Husayn (a) was wrapped in a silk cloth. They brought the head and placed it in front of her and removed the cloth. The daughter of Imam al-Husayn (a) asked: 'Whose head is this?' They said: 'It is the head of your father!' She lifted it from the platter and hugged it and said: 'O my beloved father! After you, who can we give our love to? O my beloved father! Who will look after the orphans until they grow up? O my beloved father! Who will be the guardian of the weak ladies? O my beloved father! Who will be the guardian of the imprisoned widows? O my beloved father! Who will wipe our tears away? O my beloved father! Who will be the refuge for all the lost strangers? O my beloved father! Who will reassure those who are worried? O my beloved father! Who will fill the void for us left by you? O my beloved father! Who is there for us in our loneliness after you? O my beloved father! If only I could be sacrificed for you! O my beloved father! If only I was blind before this. O my beloved father! If only I had died before, I would not have seen your face covered in sand.' She then kissed the lips of her father and began to cry intensely until she fell unconscious. When they tried to wake her up, they realized that her soul had left this world." <ref>Fakhr al-Din al-Turayhi, ''al-Muntakhab fi jam' al-marathi wa l-Khutab'', P. 136</ref> | ||
This is the first source that mentions the age of the daughter as being three, and also it is the first source that elaborately describes her conversation with Imam al-Husayn (a). However, no name has been given for this daughter. This source has been widely criticized by Shi'a scholars. | This is the first source that mentions the age of the daughter as being three, and also it is the first source that elaborately describes her conversation with Imam al-Husayn (a). However, no name has been given for this daughter. This source has been widely criticized by Shi'a scholars. | ||
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::"The family of the [[Holy Prophet (s)]] during those nights had no candle, no lamp, no water, no food, no carpet and no extra clothing; they just sat in sadness and kept themselves busy by grieving over the [[martyrs of Karbala]]. Until Lady Zubayda, the three year old daughter of Imam al-Husayn (a), one night cried intensely over her separation from her father...<ref>Muhammad Husayn Aarjastani, ''Anwar al-majalis'', p. 161</ref> | ::"The family of the [[Holy Prophet (s)]] during those nights had no candle, no lamp, no water, no food, no carpet and no extra clothing; they just sat in sadness and kept themselves busy by grieving over the [[martyrs of Karbala]]. Until Lady Zubayda, the three year old daughter of Imam al-Husayn (a), one night cried intensely over her separation from her father...<ref>Muhammad Husayn Aarjastani, ''Anwar al-majalis'', p. 161</ref> | ||
Research shows that this is the first report that mentions a name i.e. "Zubayda", for the child and states that the incident happened in the [[ | Research shows that this is the first report that mentions a name i.e. "Zubayda", for the child and states that the incident happened in the [[Ruins of Syria]]. | ||
On the previous page, he indicates towards the ruins of | On the previous page, he indicates towards the ruins of Syria. He writes: | ||
::"I remember the loneliness in the | ::"I remember the loneliness in the Ruins of Syria. Were the family of the [[Holy Prophet (s)]] not alone in the Ruins of Syria? Were not [[Sukayna]] and Ruqayya the children of Husayn (a)? Why after all the troubles they had been through; from losing their father and brothers, did no one, out of sympathy, come to their assistance?"<ref>Muhammad Husayn Aarjastani, ''Anwar al-majalis'', p. 160</ref> | ||
So, ''Anwar al-majalis'' is the first book to mention that Imam al-Husayn (a) had a daughter by the name of Ruqayya in the prison of | So, ''Anwar al-majalis'' is the first book to mention that Imam al-Husayn (a) had a daughter by the name of Ruqayya in the prison of Syria, even though he does not mention what happened to her, but rather recounts the [[martyrdom]] of a daughter by the name of Zubayda. | ||
It is possible that the report found in this book laid the foundations for future books to mention a passing away of a child in the | It is possible that the report found in this book laid the foundations for future books to mention a passing away of a child in the Ruins of Syria. | ||
===Report of ''Sha'sha'at al-Husayni''=== | ===Report of ''Sha'sha'at al-Husayni''=== | ||
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At the beginning of the 14th/20th century, [[Shaykh Muhammad Jawad Yazdi]] wrote in his book ''Sha'sha'at al-Husayni'' the following: | At the beginning of the 14th/20th century, [[Shaykh Muhammad Jawad Yazdi]] wrote in his book ''Sha'sha'at al-Husayni'' the following: | ||
::"It has been narrated that a child of Imam al-Husayn (a) passed away in the prison of | ::"It has been narrated that a child of Imam al-Husayn (a) passed away in the prison of Syria after seeing the head of her father. However, there is a difference of opinion concerning her name i.e. was it Ruqayya, Zubaydah, Zaynab or Sukayna?<ref>Shaykh Muhammad Jawad Yazdi, ''Sha'sha'at al-Husayni'', vol. 2, p. 171</ref> | ||
In the pages that follows he narrates from the book ''[[Riyad al-ahzan]]'' that the name of the child was Fatima. | In the pages that follows he narrates from the book ''[[Riyad al-ahzan]]'' that the name of the child was Fatima. | ||
In this report, many names, including that of Ruqayya has been mentioned for the child who passed away in the | In this report, many names, including that of Ruqayya has been mentioned for the child who passed away in the Ruins of Syria. | ||
=== Report in ''al-Iqad''=== | === Report in ''al-Iqad''=== | ||
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A few years later a person by the name of Sayyid Muhammad Ali Shah 'Abd al-Azimi (d. [[1336]]/1918) in his book ''al-Iqad'' clearly and emphatically states for the first time that the name of the child was Ruqayya and that she was three years old. He writes: | A few years later a person by the name of Sayyid Muhammad Ali Shah 'Abd al-Azimi (d. [[1336]]/1918) in his book ''al-Iqad'' clearly and emphatically states for the first time that the name of the child was Ruqayya and that she was three years old. He writes: | ||
::"Husayn (a) had a little daughter who he loved very much and she also loved the Imam (a) very much. It is said that her name was Ruqayya. She was three years old and was amongst the captives in | ::"Husayn (a) had a little daughter who he loved very much and she also loved the Imam (a) very much. It is said that her name was Ruqayya. She was three years old and was amongst the captives in Syria.<ref>Sayyid Muhammad Ali Shah 'Abd al-Azimi, ''al-Iqad'', p. 179</ref> | ||
==Mausoleum== | ==Mausoleum== | ||
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The first report available about the current mausoleum attributed to Ruqayya, dates back to the 10th/16th century. In his book ''[[Tasliyat al-majalis]]'', Muhammad b. Abi Talib al-Ha'iri al-Karaki (alive at 955/1548) writes: | The first report available about the current mausoleum attributed to Ruqayya, dates back to the 10th/16th century. In his book ''[[Tasliyat al-majalis]]'', Muhammad b. Abi Talib al-Ha'iri al-Karaki (alive at 955/1548) writes: | ||
::"In the city of [[Damascus]], | ::"In the city of [[Damascus]], Syria, towards the eastern side of the Great Masjid of the city, I saw a ruins that used to previously be a [[Masjid]]. Amongst those ruins I saw a stone that had the name of the Holy Prophet (s), his family and the names of the [[twelve Imams]] written on it. At the end it had the following sentence,'This is the grave of a princess, the daughter of Husayn b. Amir al-Mominin (a)'." | ||
===Report of ''Nur al-absar''=== | ===Report of ''Nur al-absar''=== | ||
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In the 13th/19th, [[al-Shiblanji]] in his book ''Nur al-absar'', about this mausoleum, writes: | In the 13th/19th, [[al-Shiblanji]] in his book ''Nur al-absar'', about this mausoleum, writes: | ||
::"Some of the people of | ::"Some of the people of Syria told me that there exist in Damascus, Syria, a mausoleum for Lady Ruqayya, the daughter of [[Imam 'Ali]] (may Allah illuminate his face), whose walls at that time had been damaged. The people of Syria wanted to remove the corpse from its grave so that they could rebuild and repair the mausoleum. However, no one, because of the admiration and respect they had for her, had the courage to enter the grave until a person from the family of the Holy Prophet (s) by the name of Sayyid the son of Murtada entered the grave. He threw a piece of cloth over the grave and wrapped the body with the cloth and brought it out; everybody saw that it was a child who had not reached the age of maturity. I told this story to one of the great teachers; he also narrated the same story from a few of his teachers."<ref>Shiblanji, ''Nur al-absar'', p. 195</ref> | ||
In this report, the name of the owner of the grave i.e. Ruqayya bt. Ali is mentioned and it is the first report that indicates to the damage that the grave endured. | In this report, the name of the owner of the grave i.e. Ruqayya bt. Ali is mentioned and it is the first report that indicates to the damage that the grave endured. | ||