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According to Sunni sources, [[Abu Bakr]] is also characterized as "siddiq" in [[Hadith of Mi'raj]]<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 167; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 170.</ref> or, on other accounts, he was called so since the period of [[Jahiliyya]] (ignorance).<ref>Darza, ''Tārīkh al-ʿarab fī al-Islām'', p. 26.</ref> However, the hadith has been rejected as unreliable by some Sunni scholars.<ref>Muttaqī Hindī, ''Kanz al-ʿummāl'', vol. 13, p. 236; Dhahabī, ''Mīzān al-iʿtidāl'', vol. 1, p. 540; Ibn Ḥabbān, ''al-Majrūḥīn'', vol. 2, p. 116.</ref> Ibn Jawzi cited the hadith as a fake one in his book, ''al-Mawdu'at''.<ref>Ibn Jawzī, ''al-Mawḍūʿāt'', vol. 1, p. 327.</ref> | According to Sunni sources, [[Abu Bakr]] is also characterized as "siddiq" in [[Hadith of Mi'raj]]<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 167; Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 170.</ref> or, on other accounts, he was called so since the period of [[Jahiliyya]] (ignorance).<ref>Darza, ''Tārīkh al-ʿarab fī al-Islām'', p. 26.</ref> However, the hadith has been rejected as unreliable by some Sunni scholars.<ref>Muttaqī Hindī, ''Kanz al-ʿummāl'', vol. 13, p. 236; Dhahabī, ''Mīzān al-iʿtidāl'', vol. 1, p. 540; Ibn Ḥabbān, ''al-Majrūḥīn'', vol. 2, p. 116.</ref> Ibn Jawzi cited the hadith as a fake one in his book, ''al-Mawdu'at''.<ref>Ibn Jawzī, ''al-Mawḍūʿāt'', vol. 1, p. 327.</ref> | ||
Shiite scholars reject the title of "siddiq" for Abu Bakr. Moreover, they appeal to hadiths from Sunni sources<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 2, p. 146; Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 169; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 310; Ibn Māja, ''Sunan Ibn Māja'', vol. 1, 0. 44; | Shiite scholars reject the title of "siddiq" for Abu Bakr. Moreover, they appeal to hadiths from Sunni sources<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 2, p. 146; Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 169; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 2, p. 310; Ibn Māja, ''Sunan Ibn Māja'', vol. 1, 0. 44; Nasā'ī, ''Sunan al-kubrā'', p. 21-22; Juwaynī, ''Farāʾid al-samṭayn'', vol. 1, p. 140, 248; Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ''Sharḥ Nahj al-balagha'', vol. 13, p. 228; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 3, p. 26; Suyūṭī, ''al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaghīr'', vol. 2, p. 50.</ref> to show that this title as well as the title, [[Faruq]], are exclusively those of 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a), since during his [[caliphate]], he stated on the [[minbar]] of [[Basra]] that the titles are exclusive his.<ref>ʿĀmilī, ''al-Ṣaḥīḥ min sīrat al-nabī'', vol. 2, p. 263-270; Amīnī, ''al-Ghadīr'', vol. 2, p. 312-314.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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* Kāshānī, Mullā Fatḥ Allāh. ''Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn fī ilzām al-mukhālifīn''. Kitābfurūshī-yi Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿIlmī. Tehran: 1333 Sh. | * Kāshānī, Mullā Fatḥ Allāh. ''Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn fī ilzām al-mukhālifīn''. Kitābfurūshī-yi Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿIlmī. Tehran: 1333 Sh. | ||
* Muttaqī Hindī, ʿAlī b. Ḥisām al-Dīn. ''Kanz al-ʿummāl fī al-sunan wa al-afʿāl''. Edited by Bakrī Ḥayānī and Ṣafwa Saqā. Beirut: 1409 AH. | * Muttaqī Hindī, ʿAlī b. Ḥisām al-Dīn. ''Kanz al-ʿummāl fī al-sunan wa al-afʿāl''. Edited by Bakrī Ḥayānī and Ṣafwa Saqā. Beirut: 1409 AH. | ||
* | * Nasā'ī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Tahdhīb khaṣāʾiṣ al-Imām ʿAlī''. Edited by Abū Ishāq Ḥuwaynī ʾAtharī. Beirut: 1404 AH. | ||
* | * Nasā'ī, Aḥmad b. Shuʿayb. ''Sunan al-kubrā''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Ghaffār Sulaymān al-Bandārī and Sayyid Ḥasan Kasrawī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-Ilmīyya, 1411 AH. | ||
* Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaghīr''. Cairo: 1373 AH. | * Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaghīr''. Cairo: 1373 AH. | ||
* Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Amālī''. Edited by Qism al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyya Muʾassisat al-Biʿtha. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Biʿtha, 1417 AH. | * Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Amālī''. Edited by Qism al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyya Muʾassisat al-Biʿtha. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Biʿtha, 1417 AH. |