Mulla Muhsin Fayd Kashani: Difference between revisions

{{unreferenced}}

'''Mullā Muḥammad b. Murtaḍā b. Maḥmūd al-Kāshānī''' (Arabic:{{iarabic|الملا محمد بن مرتضى بن محمود الكاشاني}}) , known as '''Mullā Muḥsin''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|مُلّامُحسِن}}) and '''Fayḍ Kāshānī''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|فیض کاشانی}}), was a [[Shiite]] [[philosopher]], scholar of [[hadith]], [[Quranic exegete]], and an [[Akhbari]] scholar of [[fiqh]] in the 11th/17th century. He studied with prominent scholars such as [[Mulla Sadra]], [[al-Shaykh al-Baha'i]], [[Mir Findiriski]], and [[Mir Damad]].

Fayd adopted a moderate Akhbari approach in fiqh, and thus he had different views from his predecessors. One of his important views in fiqh is the permissibility of singing ([[ghina']]) under certain conditions, the variability of the maturity age relative to different laws of shari'a, and the individual obligation (al-wujub al-'ayni) of [[Friday Prayer]].

One of his social and political activities was the holding of Friday Prayer in [[Kashan]] and [[Isfahan]].

The Fayd family was a well-known Shiite family of scholars. His father, Radi al-Din Shah Murtada (950-1009 A.H./ 1543-1600) and his mother, Zahra Khatun (d. 1071 A.H./ 1660) was the daughter of Diya' al-'Urafa al-Razi. Fayd's grandfather, Taj al-Din Shah Mahmud the son of Mulla 'Ali al-Kashani, is buried in [[Kashan]].

Fayd's name was Muhammad, but he was known as Muhsin or Muhammad Muhsin. He married [[Mulla Sadra]]'s daughter. Mulla Sadra gave him the title, Fayd, and gave his other son in law, [['Abd al-Razzaq Lahiji|'Abd al-Razzaq al-Lahiji]], the title, Fayyad.

Fayd was born in [[Safar]], 14, [[1007]] A.H. (September 16, 1598) in [[Kashan]]. And he died there in [[1091]] A.H. (1680-1681). He was buried in the cemetery that he had endowed when he was alive. A conference was held in Kashan in the honor of Fayd al-Kashani in [[Aban]], 1387 Sh. (October, 2008).

Fayd started his educations in [[Kashan]], and when he was 20 years old, he went to [[Isfahan]] to continue his studies. After then, he studied with [[Sayyid Majid al-Bahrani]] in [[Shiraz]] for two years. Once again he went to Isfahan and attended the lectures of [[al-Shaykh al-Baha'i]]. In his [[hajj]] travel, he received a permission of hadith from Shaykh Muhammad, [[al-Shahid al-Thani]]'s grandson. And then he studied in [[Qom]] with [[Mulla Sadra]], and accompanied him when he returned to Shiraz and stayed there for two years. Although Khwansari and others believe that Fayd studied with Mulla Sadra in his first travel to Shiraz, this is not compatible with what Fayd himself wrote. Finally, Fayd returned to Kashan where he started teaching and writing. [[Faydiyya School]] is said to be called so because Fayd resided there for a while.

Many scholars, such as [[Afandi]], [[al-Hurr al-'Amili]], [[al-Muhaddith al-Nuri]], [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi]], [['Allama Amini]] and others have admired him with words such as philosopher, sage, theologian, [[muhaddith]] (scholar of hadith), [[faqih]], poet, man of literature, scholar, and knowledgeable.