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Iraq: Difference between revisions
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{{Iraq}} | {{Iraq}} | ||
The '''Republic of Iraq''' (Arabic:{{ia|جمهوریة العراق}}) is a Middle East country situated in the southwest of Asia. The majority of Iraqi people are [[Shi'a]] Muslims mostly located in the south of this country. Iraq is mostly important to Shi'a Muslims because of the holy shrines of six Shi'a [[Imams]] in [[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], [[Kadhimiyya]], and [[Samarra]], as well as other significant places such as the [[Great Mosque of Kufa]] and [[al-Sahla Mosque]]. | The '''Republic of Iraq''' (Arabic:{{ia|جمهوریة العراق}}) is a Middle East country situated in the southwest of Asia. The majority of Iraqi people are [[Shi'a]] Muslims mostly located in the south of this country. Iraq is mostly important to Shi'a Muslims because of the holy shrines of six Shi'a [[Imams]] in [[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], [[Kadhimiyya]], and [[Samarra]], as well as other significant places such as the [[Great Mosque of Kufa]] and [[al-Sahla Mosque]]. Also, [[seminary of Najaf]] has added the importance of Iraq. | ||
Crucial historical events took place in Iraq such as the [[Battle of Jamal]], the [[Battle of Siffin]], the [[Battle of Nahrawan]], the [[Battle of Karbala]], and [[Uprising of al-Mukhtar]]. Shi'a rulers always paid enormous attention to the holy shrines | Crucial historical events took place in Iraq such as the [[Battle of Jamal]], the [[Battle of Siffin]], the [[Battle of Nahrawan]], the [[Battle of Karbala]], and [[Uprising of al-Mukhtar]]. Shi'a rulers always paid enormous attention to the holy shrines in Iraq and they supported rebuilding them throughout the years. | ||
Originality of Shi'ism in Iraq goes back to the time of [[Imam Ali (a)]], where it became expanded and stretched in other territories such as [[Iran]]. Although Shi'ite government were ruling in Iraq, including [[Hamdani]], [[Buyid]], and [[Safavid]], they were merely influential in administrative affairs. However by the time [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] established their government, Shi'ite Muslims were removed from political authorities. | Originality of Shi'ism in Iraq goes back to the time of [[Imam Ali (a)]], where it became expanded and stretched in other territories such as [[Iran]]. Although Shi'ite government were ruling in Iraq, including [[Hamdani]], [[Buyid]], and [[Safavid]], they were merely influential in administrative affairs. However by the time [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] established their government, Shi'ite Muslims were removed from political authorities. After the occupation of Iraq by Britain, Shi'a Muslims played an active role against them, and many scholars, including [[Muhammad Taqi al-Shirazi]], issued fatwas of jihad against British forces. [[Al-Da'wa party]], an influential political party in Iraq, was founded in that time, which kept Shi'a Muslims active and helped them to play a crucial role in achieving independence of Iraq. | ||
Ba'ath government tried their best to keep Shi'a Muslims from political power. In 1411/1991 Shi'a Muslims started an uprising against Ba'ath government called [[al-Intifada al-Sha'baniyya]]. Iraqi army massacred Shi'as all over the country, and Shi'a leaders were killed, imprisoned, or exiled. | |||
[[ | After the occupation of Iraq by the United States and the fall of [[Saddam]] in 2003, again Shi'a Muslims came back to political stage in Iraq. According to the new constitutional law of Iraq, Prime minister must be chosen from Shi'as; since then three Shi'a Prime ministers of Iraq were chosen from Islamic Da'wa party. | ||
[[Al-Sayyid Ali al-Sistani]] is regarded the most notable [[Marja']] in Iraq. Shi'a Muslims from all over the world visit Iraq in order to make pilgrimage to Imam's (a) shrines in this country. Today, the most populated gathering of Shi'a Muslims is held in [[Karbala]] in [[Arba'in of Imam al-Husayn (a)|Arba'in]]. | |||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
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===Shi'a Muslims in Ba'ath Time=== | ===Shi'a Muslims in Ba'ath Time=== | ||
Ba'ath government tried their best to keep Shi'a Muslims and Kurdish Iraqi away from political power. From 1920 until the occupation of Iraq by American army in 2003 Sunni were largely in charge of political power in Iraq. After the attack of Iraq to Kuwait in 1991 and afterwards the attack of the United States' army to Iraq, Shi'a Muslims started a revolution against Ba'ath government called Sha'baniyya, which was supported by a grand religious leader, [[Ayatollah Khoei]]. After the failure of this riot, Iraqi army massacred Shi'a Muslims all over the country; they used tanks that carried flags written on them "There will not be any Shi'a Muslim anymore." According to sources, between three hundred to five hundred thousand Shi'a were murdered. In the meantime, the war between Iraq and Iran and also expulsion of Iranian from Iraq took place. | Ba'ath government tried their best to keep Shi'a Muslims and Kurdish Iraqi away from political power. From 1920 until the occupation of Iraq by American army in 2003 Sunni were largely in charge of political power in Iraq. After the attack of Iraq to Kuwait in 1991 and afterwards the attack of the United States' army to Iraq, Shi'a Muslims started a revolution against Ba'ath government called Sha'baniyya, which was supported by a grand religious leader, [[Ayatollah Khoei]]. After the failure of this riot, Iraqi army massacred Shi'a Muslims all over the country; they used tanks that carried flags written on them "There will not be any Shi'a Muslim anymore." According to sources, between three hundred to five hundred thousand Shi'a were murdered. In the meantime, the war between Iraq and Iran and also expulsion of Iranian from Iraq took place. | ||