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{{Main|Battle of Jamal}} | {{Main|Battle of Jamal}} | ||
The Battle of Jamal took place between [[Nakithun]] (the Oath-Breakers) and army of [[Imam Ali (a)]] in [[36]]/656. This battle started by [[Aisha]] ( | The Battle of Jamal took place between [[Nakithun]] (the Oath-Breakers) and army of [[Imam Ali (a)]] in [[36]]/656. This battle started by [[Aisha]] (Prophet Muhammad's widow), [[Talha]], and [[Zubayr b. al-'Awwam|Zubayr]] in a region near [[Basra]]; which ended with victory of Imam Ali's (a) forces over Nakithun. | ||
* Battle of Siffin | * Battle of Siffin | ||
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* Tawwabun Uprising | * Tawwabun Uprising | ||
{{main|Tawwabun uprising}} | |||
It is the first of Shi'a uprisings which took place after the [[Battle of ''Ashura]] in revenge of Imam al-Husayn's (a) blood in 'Ayn al-Warda region led by [[Sulayman b. Surad al-Khuza'i]]. | It is the first of Shi'a uprisings which took place after the [[Battle of ''Ashura]] in revenge of Imam al-Husayn's (a) blood in 'Ayn al-Warda region led by [[Sulayman b. Surad al-Khuza'i]]. | ||
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{{Main|Uprising of Zayd b. Ali}} | {{Main|Uprising of Zayd b. Ali}} | ||
[[Zayd b. Ali]] launched a rebellion, which led to his martyrdom, in | [[Zayd b. Ali]] launched a rebellion, which led to his martyrdom, in 122/740 against [[Umayyad]] due to a number of reasons, including the tyrannies of Umayyad and invitations of people of [[Kufa]]. | ||
=== Presence of Imams (a) in Iraq=== | === Presence of Imams (a) in Iraq=== | ||
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| [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] || 19 years ||Karbala (Battle of Karbala)||[[Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik]] {{-}} Sulayman b. 'Abd al-Malik {{-}} [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]] {{-}} [[Yazid b. 'Abd al-Malik]] {{-}} [[Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik]] || ||Battle of Karbala{{-}} [[Tawwabun Uprising]] {{-}} [[Mukhtar Uprising]] | | [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] || 19 years ||Karbala (Battle of Karbala)||[[Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik]] {{-}} Sulayman b. 'Abd al-Malik {{-}} [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]] {{-}} [[Yazid b. 'Abd al-Malik]] {{-}} [[Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik]] || ||Battle of Karbala{{-}} [[Tawwabun Uprising]] {{-}} [[Mukhtar Uprising]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]|| 34 years||Kufa (at the end of his life; training students and pupils)|| [[Walid b. Yazid]] {{-}} [[Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik]] {{-}} [[Ibrahim b. al-Walid]] {{-}} [[Marwan b. Muhammad]] {{-}} [[Abu l-'Abbas al-Saffah]] {{-}} [[Mansur al-Dawaniqi]] || || [[Uprising of | |[[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]|| 34 years||Kufa (at the end of his life; training students and pupils)|| [[Walid b. Yazid]] {{-}} [[Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik]] {{-}} [[Ibrahim b. al-Walid]] {{-}} [[Marwan b. Muhammad]] {{-}} [[Abu l-'Abbas al-Saffah]] {{-}} [[Mansur al-Dawaniqi]] || || [[Uprising of Zayd b. 'Ali]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Imam al-Kazim (a)]]||35 years||[[Baghdad]] (as a prisoner)||[[Mansur al-Dawaniqi]]{{-}} Mahdi al-'Abbasi]] {{-}} [[Hadi al-'Abbasi]] {{-}} [[Harun al-Rashid]] || || | |[[Imam al-Kazim (a)]]||35 years||[[Baghdad]] (as a prisoner)||[[Mansur al-Dawaniqi]]{{-}} [[Mahdi al-'Abbasi]] {{-}} [[Hadi al-'Abbasi]] {{-}} [[Harun al-Rashid]] || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] || 17 years || Baghdad (by command of [[Mu'tasim]] he was sent at the end of his life)|| [[al-Ma'mun]] {{-}} [[al-Mu'tasim]]|| || | |[[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] || 17 years || Baghdad (by command of [[Mu'tasim]] he was sent at the end of his life)|| [[al-Ma'mun]] {{-}} [[al-Mu'tasim]]|| || | ||
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| [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]]||34 years|| [[Samarra]]|| Mu'tasim {{-}} Wathiq {{-}} Mutawakkil {{-}} [[Muntasir]] {{-}} [[Mu'taz]] || | | [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]]||34 years|| [[Samarra]]|| Mu'tasim {{-}} Wathiq {{-}} Mutawakkil {{-}} [[Muntasir]] {{-}} [[Mu'taz]] || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Imam Hasan al-'Askari]] || 4years|| he was brought to Samarra by his father|| Mu'taz{{-}}Muhtadi{{-}} Mu'tamid|| || | | [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari]] || 4years|| he was brought to Samarra by his father|| Mu'taz{{-}}Muhtadi{{-}} Mu'tamid|| || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]]|| he was born in Samarra in [[255]]/869|| || || || | | [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]]|| he was born in Samarra in [[255]]/869|| || || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Rulers of Iraq== | ==Rulers of Iraq== | ||
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{{Main|Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)|Holy Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)|Holy Shrine of Kadhimiyya|al-'Askariyyayn Shrine|Shrine of 'Abbas b. Ali (a)}} | {{Main|Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)|Holy Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)|Holy Shrine of Kadhimiyya|al-'Askariyyayn Shrine|Shrine of 'Abbas b. Ali (a)}} | ||
===The Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)=== | ===The Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a)=== | ||
[[File:حرم امام علی1.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|The Holy Shrine of Imam Ali (a) in Najaf]] | |||
Imam Ali (a) is buried in [[Najaf]]. The first shrine was built in the time of [[Harun al-Rashid]], which was later rebuilt and expanded many times. Several Shi'a rulers and religious scholars are buried there. | Imam Ali (a) is buried in [[Najaf]]. The first shrine was built in the time of [[Harun al-Rashid]], which was later rebuilt and expanded many times. Several Shi'a rulers and religious scholars are buried there. | ||
===The Holy Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)=== | ===The Holy Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)=== | ||
[[File:حرم امام حسین.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|The Holy Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a) in [[Karbala]]]] | |||
Holy shrine of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] is situated in [[Karbala]]. [[Travelers' prayer]] there is treated the same as [[Masjid al-Haram]] and [[Masjid al-Nabawi]]; in which travelers' prayer are allowed to be performed in four units, without any change regarding traveler's prayer. | Holy shrine of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] is situated in [[Karbala]]. [[Travelers' prayer]] there is treated the same as [[Masjid al-Haram]] and [[Masjid al-Nabawi]]; in which travelers' prayer are allowed to be performed in four units, without any change regarding traveler's prayer. | ||
=== The Holy Shrine of Kadhimiyya=== | === The Holy Shrine of Kadhimiyya=== | ||
[[File:حرم مطهر امام کاظم و امام جواد (ع) در کاظمین.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|The Holy Shrine of Imam al-Kazim (a) and Imam al-Jawad (a) in [[Kadhimiyya]]]] | |||
[[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] and [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] are both buried in [[Kadhimiyya]], which is located in the north of [[Baghdad]]. The shrines were rebuilt and renewed several times; the longest one took about 21 years in the time of Shah Isma'il Safavid. Also a number of Shi'a figures are buried there. | [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] and [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] are both buried in [[Kadhimiyya]], which is located in the north of [[Baghdad]]. The shrines were rebuilt and renewed several times; the longest one took about 21 years in the time of Shah Isma'il Safavid. Also a number of Shi'a figures are buried there. | ||
=== The al-'Askariyyayn Shrine in Samarra=== | === The al-'Askariyyayn Shrine in Samarra=== | ||
[[File:حرم عسکریین.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|The Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hadi (a) and Imam al-'Askari (a) in [[Samarra]]]] | |||
[[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] and [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] are both buried in [[Samarra]]; the shrine is called Askariyayn. It was under attack many times, and recently it was under attack in 2014 by ISIS. They attacked Samarra in order to destroy the shrines, however they faced Iraqi people and military resistances. | [[Imam al-Jawad (a)]] and [[Imam al-Hadi (a)]] are both buried in [[Samarra]]; the shrine is called Askariyayn. It was under attack many times, and recently it was under attack in 2014 by ISIS. They attacked Samarra in order to destroy the shrines, however they faced Iraqi people and military resistances. | ||