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ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. ʾAbī Ṭālib (b. 38/659 – d. 95/713) known as Imām al-Sajjād, lit. the Consistently Prostrating) and Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn, lit. Adornment of the Worshippers) is the fourth Imam of Shi'a. The period of his imamate was 34 years. He (a) was present in the Battle of Karbala but did not participate in the battle because of sickness and was not martyred. He (a) was taken captive to Kufa and Damascus together with other captives of Karbala. His speech at the presence of Umayyad caliphs created awareness among people about the position of the Ahl al-Bayt (a). After being released, he (a) stayed in Medina until the end of his life. The event of Harra, Tawwabun movement and the uprising of al-Mukhtar happened at his time; however there is no reliable report of his opinions about them.

Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya is a compilation of his supplications which reflect the picture of the society that day and the true path of life through the education of the religion and the Qur'an and purification of souls and connecting souls to God. Risalat al-huquq (Treatise on Rights) is his other work which is a short treatise containing duties a human being has.

He (a) was poisoned and martyred by order of al-Walid b. 'Abd al-Malik. He (a) was buried in al-Baqi' cemetery beside his uncle Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a).

'Ali b. al-Husayn b. 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a), known as Imam al-Sajjad (a) and Imam Zayn al-'Abidin, is the son of Imam al-Husayn (a). He is the fourth Imam of Shi'a.

Among disagreements about Imam al-Sajjad (a) was the name and lineage of his mother, different names have been mentioned for her including Shahrbanu, Shahrbanuyeh, Shah-i Zanan, Jahanshah, Khawla, Salafa, Ghazzala, Salama, Harrar, Maryam, Fatima. Accordingly, Sayyid Ja'far Shahidi wrote that "among the names mentioned for her, Shahrbanu is more famous. Her father is said to be Yazdgerd, the last Sassanid emperor; or Nushjan from Khurasan, or Shiruyih, son of Parviz, among which Yazdgerd is more famous." He does not believe that the mother of Imam al-Sajjad (a) would be a person having such a description mentioning some reasons and shreds of evidence. He says, "If we ignore this myth about her and check authentic books, we reach a clearer point: Ibn Sa'd wrote that after the martyrdom of al-Husayn (a), Zuyayd, his freed servant married the mother of 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) and 'Abd Allah b. Zuyayd was born, thus 'Abd Allah was 'Ali b. al-Husayn's (a) brother from his mother. Al-Shaykh al-Saduq wrote, "Mother of 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) was the daughter of Yazdgerd, son of Shahriyar, the king of Persians, passed away while giving birth to him."

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Other featured articles: Khums – Al-Tabligh Verse – Al-Sayyida Zaynab (a)