Draft:Dowry
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Dowry refers to the collection of furniture and household goods that a bride brings to her husband's home to establish their joint household.[1] While a dowry can broadly encompass money, goods, or real estate, in many societies it specifically denotes the essential household items required for a new marital home.[2][3] According to certain Shi'a narrations, the Prophet of Islam (s) allocated a portion of the bride gift (mahriyya) of Lady Fatima (a) to Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa and Ammar b. Yasir to purchase the basic household necessities for her life with Imam Ali (a).[4]
Within Islamic jurisprudential discourse, the subject of the dowry is addressed across various chapters, including those concerning nikah, Divorce,[5] and Khums.[6] Islamic jurisprudence stipulates that the husband bears the primary responsibility for furnishing the marital home; thus, the woman is not legally obligated to provide household items.[7]
Jurists hold that in the event of a dispute between spouses regarding the ownership of household furniture, the claim of the party who can present a verifying witness is accepted. In the absence of witnesses, the prominent (mashhur) jurisprudential opinion dictates that exclusively feminine items are awarded to the wife and masculine items to the husband, whereas items of common use are divided equally between the two.[8]
Furthermore, if the dowry is commensurate with the woman's social status and standing, it is exempt from khums.[9]
Notes
- ↑ Muʿīn, Farhang-i Muʿīn, 1363 Sh, p. 1257.
- ↑ Katīrāʾī, Az khisht tā khisht, 1345 Sh, p. 4.
- ↑ Jahīziyya, or jahāz, refers to the specific assets a daughter takes from her family's or dynastic group's wealth to her husband's home upon Marriage. Jahāz is also occasionally characterized as a reverse bride-price (shīrbahā): in regions where women are scarce, grooms traditionally pay a shīrbahā to the bride's family, whereas in areas with a scarcity of men, the bride's father provides the jahāz. Dowry
- ↑ Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. al-Amālī, 1388 Sh, vol. 1, p. 93.
- ↑ Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan al-. Jawāhir al-kalām, 1362 Sh, vol. 30, pp. 119-120.
- ↑ Burūjirdī, Murtaḍā al-. al-Mustanad fī sharḥ al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā, 1421 AH, p. 330; Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Anwār al-fiqāha, 1416 AH, p. 483.
- ↑ Mughniyya, Muḥammad Jawād. al-Fiqh ʿalā l-madhāhib al-khamsa, 1421 AH, vol. 2, p. 356.
- ↑ Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan al-. Jawāhir al-kalām, 1404 AH, vol. 40, pp. 493-494.
- ↑ Khumaynī, Rūḥullāh al-. Taḥrīr al-wasīla, 1379 Sh, vol. 1, p. 359.
References
- Burūjirdī, Murtaḍā al-. al-Mustanad fī sharḥ al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā. Lectures of Ayatollah Khoei. Qom, Muʾassasat Iḥyāʾ Āthār al-Imām al-Khūʾī, 1421 AH.
- Khumaynī, Rūḥullāh al-. Taḥrīr al-wasīla. Qom, Dār al-ʿIlm, 1379 Sh.
- Katīrāʾī, Maḥmūd. Az khisht tā khisht. Tehran, Muʾassasih-yi Muṭālaʿāt wa Taḥqīqāt-i Ijtimāʿī, 1345 Sh.
- Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Anwār al-fiqāha. Qom, Madrasat al-Imām ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (a), 1416 AH.
- Mughniyya, Muḥammad Jawād. al-Fiqh ʿalā l-madhāhib al-khamsa. Beirut, Dār al-Tayyār al-Jadīd, 1421 AH.
- Muʿīn, Muḥammad. Farhang-i fārsī. Tehran, Nashr-i Amīr Kabīr, 4th ed., 1363 Sh.
- Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan al-. Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-islām. Edited by ʿAbbās Qūchānī and ʿAlī Ākhūndī. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 7th ed., 1404 AH.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. al-Amālī. Translated by Ṣādiq Ḥasan-zādih. Qom, Nashr-i Andīshih-yi Hādī, 1388 Sh.