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Lawlā al-Sanatān la-Halaka al-Nu'mān (Arabic: لولا السنتان لهلک النعمان; "If it were not for those two years, Nu'man would have perished") is a statement attributed to Abū Ḥanīfa Nu'mān b. Thābit, the eponymous founder of the Hanafi school of jurisprudence. The phrase refers to the significance of the two years he spent as a student of Imam al-Sadiq (a).

Scholars such as Ibn Abi l-Hadid and Abd al-Aziz Dehlawi, a Sunni author from the Indian subcontinent,[1] have noted Abu Hanifa's apprenticeship under Imam al-Sadiq (a).[2] Shi'a scholars frequently cite this statement to demonstrate the scholarly eminence of Imam al-Sadiq (a) and his pivotal role in the development of Islamic sciences.[3] The contemporary scholar Mohammad Reza Hakimi authored a book titled Law lā al-sanatān la-halaka al-nuʿmān, in which he details the debates and dialogues between Abu Hanifa and the Imam.[4]

Within Ahl al-Sunna scholarship, views on the statement vary. Some reject its authenticity or view it as an attempt to exaggerate the status of Imam al-Sadiq (a).[5] Others, however, accept it as evidence for the necessity of Sunni proximity to the Ahl al-Bayt (a).[6]

An alternative interpretation suggests the phrase may be read as "Lawla al-Sunnatan la-Halaka al-Nu'man" (If it were not for the two Sunnas, Nu'man would have perished).[7] Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi describes Abu Hanifa as adhering to two noble Sunnas: one regarding the Right of Allah (nightly worship and prolonged prayers) and the other regarding the Right of People (integrity, trustworthiness, and generosity).[8]

The cover of the book Law la al-Sanatan la-Halaka al-Nu'man by Mohammad Reza Hakimi

Authenticity and Origins

Although the phrase is considered famous by some[9] and even Mutawatir (frequently narrated) by others,[10] historical analysis indicates it was attributed to Abu Hanifa for the first time in the early 13th century AH in the book Tuhfa-yi Ithna 'Ashariyya.[11] Subsequent sources often cited Tuhfa[12] or its abridgment.[13] Additionally, some authors relied on al-Imam al-Sadiq wa l-madhahib al-arba'a by Asad Haydar (d. 1405 AH),[14] which itself quoted the abridgment of Tuhfa.[15] Unsourced citations of the phrase also appear in various works.[16]

Notably, the phrase is absent from the works of Shi'a scholars prior to the 13th century AH, suggesting it may not have existed in earlier sources. It remains unclear how Abd al-Aziz Dehlawi accessed the statement.[17]

Interpretation of the "Two Years"

Abu Hanifa did not explicitly specify which two years led to his salvation. Consequently, identifying this period as his apprenticeship under Imam al-Sadiq (a) is a subject of debate,[18] particularly in light of the theological and political differences between the two, as well as Abu Hanifa's extended six-year residence in Medina.[19] Some scholars propose that the "two years" refer to his apprenticeship under Zayd b. 'Ali (a). This hypothesis is supported by Zayd's significant influence on Abu Hanifa's education, Abu Hanifa's recorded praise of Zayd, and their shared doctrinal and political inclinations.[20]

Notes

  1. ↑ Dehlawī, Tuḥfa-yi Ithnā ʿAshariyya, 1432 AH, p. 142.
  2. ↑ Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, Sharḥ Nahj al-Balāgha, 1962, vol. 15, p. 274.
  3. ↑ For example, see: Muṭahharī, Sīrī dar sīra-yi Aʾimma-yi Aṭhār, 1402 Sh, p. 132; Subḥānī Tabrīzī, al-Inṣāf fī masāʾil dāma fīhā al-khilāf, 1381 Sh, vol. 2, p. 363; Ḥasanī, Sīrat al-Aʾimma al-Ithnay ʿAshar, Nashr al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, vol. 2, pp. 238, 257.
  4. ↑ Ḥakīmī, Law lā al-sanatān la-halaka al-nuʿmān, 1431 AH, p. 6.
  5. ↑ For example, see: Abū Zahra, al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (ʿa) ḥayātuh wa ʿaṣruh ārāʾuh wa fiqhuh, Maṭbaʿat Aḥmad ʿAlī Mukhaymar, p. 38; ʿĪsā, "Ḥattā lā yuqāl: kāna al-Sūdān baladan sunniyyan!!", vol. 166, p. 86.
  6. ↑ For example, see: Dehlawī, Tuḥfa-yi Ithnā ʿAshariyya, 1432 AH, p. 142; Ālūsī, Mukhtaṣar al-Tuḥfa al-Ithnā ʿAshariyya, 1373 AH, p. 9; Ālūsī, Ṣabb al-ʿadhāb ʿalā man sabba al-aṣḥāb, 1417 AH, p. 309; Kāmil ʿUmar, Ḥiṣān ṭarwāda al-ghāra al-fikriyya ʿalā al-diyār al-sunniyya, 1435 AH, p. 516.
  7. ↑ Rastigār, "Barrasī-yi sakhun-i pīshwā-yi Ḥanafiyān: Law lā al-sanatān la-halaka al-nuʿmān", p. 100.
  8. ↑ Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Tārīkh Baghdād, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, vol. 13, pp. 331-332, 352-355, 358.
  9. ↑ Ḥakīmī, Law lā al-sanatān la-halaka al-nuʿmān, 1431 AH, p. 6.
  10. ↑ Researchers of Islamic Publications Office, "Footnote", in Tafsīr Jawāmiʿ al-Jāmiʿ, 1428 AH, vol. 1, p. 193.
  11. ↑ Rastigār, "Barrasī-yi sakhun-i pīshwā-yi Ḥanafiyān: Law lā al-sanatān la-halaka al-nuʿmān", p. 108.
  12. ↑ Ālūsī, Mukhtaṣar al-Tuḥfa al-Ithnā ʿAshariyya, 1373 AH, p. 9.
  13. ↑ For example, see: Ḥusaynī Mīlānī, Sharḥ Minhāj al-Karāma, 1428 AH, vol. 1, p. 245; ʿAbd Allāh, al-Munāẓarāt, 1385 Sh, vol. 4, p. 401.
  14. ↑ For example, see: Ḥakīmī, Law lā al-sanatān la-halaka al-nuʿmān, 1431 AH, p. 5; Rabbānī Gulpāyigānī, Dar āmadī bih Shīʿa-shināsī, 1385 Sh, p. 246.
  15. ↑ Ḥaydar, al-Imām al-Ṣādiq wa l-madhāhib al-arbaʿa, 1422 AH, p. 61.
  16. ↑ For example, see: al-Sharqāwī, Aʾimmat al-fiqh al-tisʿa, 1411 AH, p. 51; Samāwī, Li-akūna maʿa al-ṣādiqīn, 1386 Sh, p. 175; Mūsawī Zanjānī, ʿAqāʾid al-Imāmiyya al-Ithnay ʿAshariyya, 1413 AH, vol. 3, p. 103.
  17. ↑ Rastigār, "Barrasī-yi sakhun-i pīshwā-yi Ḥanafiyān: Law lā al-sanatān la-halaka al-nuʿmān", p. 108.
  18. ↑ Rastigār, "Barrasī-yi sakhun-i pīshwā-yi Ḥanafiyān: Law lā al-sanatān la-halaka al-nuʿmān", p. 108.
  19. ↑ Rastigār, "Barrasī-yi sakhun-i pīshwā-yi Ḥanafiyān: Law lā al-sanatān la-halaka al-nuʿmān", pp. 104-106.
  20. ↑ Rastigār, "Barrasī-yi sakhun-i pīshwā-yi Ḥanafiyān: Law lā al-sanatān la-halaka al-nuʿmān", pp. 109-114.

References

  • Ālūsī, Maḥmūd Shukrī, Ṣabb al-ʿadhāb ʿalā man sabba al-aṣḥāb, Riyadh, Aḍwāʾ al-Salaf, 1417 AH.
  • Ālūsī, Maḥmūd Shukrī, Mukhtaṣar al-Tuḥfa al-Ithnā ʿAshariyya, Cairo, al-Maktabat al-Salafiyya, 1373 AH.
  • Ibn Abī l-Ḥadīd, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd b. Hibat Allāh, Sharḥ Nahj al-Balāgha, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyya, 1962.
  • Abū Zahra, Muḥammad, al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (ʿa) ḥayātuh wa ʿaṣruh ārāʾuh wa fiqhuh, Cairo, Maṭbaʿat Aḥmad ʿAlī Mukhaymar, n.d.
  • al-Sharqāwī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Aʾimmat al-fiqh al-tisʿa, Cairo, Dār al-Shurūq, 1411 AH.
  • Ḥasanī, Hāshim Maʿrūf, Sīrat al-Aʾimma al-Ithnay ʿAshar, Qom, Nashr al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, n.d.
  • Ḥusaynī Mīlānī, ʿAlī, Sharḥ Minhāj al-Karāma, Qom, Markaz al-Ḥaqāʾiq al-Islāmiyya, 1428 AH.
  • Ḥakīmī, Muḥammad Riḍā, Law lā al-sanatān la-halaka al-nuʿmān, Beirut, n.p., 1431 AH.
  • Ḥaydar, Asad Allāh, al-Imām al-Ṣādiq (ʿa) wa l-madhāhib al-arbaʿa, Beirut, Dār al-Taʿāruf, 1422 AH.
  • Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī, Tārīkh Baghdād, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, n.d.
  • Dehlawī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Ghulām, Tuḥfa-yi Ithnā ʿAshariyya, Istanbul, Maktabat al-Ḥaqīqa, 1432 AH.
  • Rabbānī Gulpāyigānī, ʿAlī, Dar āmadī bih Shīʿa-shināsī, Qom, Markaz-i Jahānī-yi ʿUlūm-i Islāmī, 1385 Sh.
  • Rastigār, Parvīz, "Barrasī-yi sakhun-i pīshwā-yi Ḥanafiyān: Law lā al-sanatān la-halaka al-nuʿmān", Majalla-yi Ḥadīth-pazhūhī, no. 5, Spring and Summer 1390 Sh.
  • Subḥānī Tabrīzī, Jaʿfar, al-Inṣāf fī masāʾil dāma fīhā al-khilāf, Qom, Muʾassisat al-Imām al-Ṣādiq ʿalayh al-salām, 1381 Sh.
  • Samāwī, Muḥammad Tījānī, Li-akūna maʿa al-ṣādiqīn, Qom, Anṣāriyān, 1386 Sh.
  • ʿAbd Allāh, Ḥasan, al-Munāẓarāt, Qom, Dalīl-i Mā, 1385 Sh.
  • ʿAmrū, Kāmil ʿUmar, Ḥiṣān ṭarwāda al-ghāra al-fikriyya ʿalā al-diyār al-sunniyya, Egypt, Dār al-Qamarī, 1435 AH.
  • ʿĪsā, ʿUthmān, "Ḥattā lā yuqāl: kāna al-Sūdān baladan sunniyyan!!", in Majalla al-Bayān, collection of articles, vol. 166, 1422 AH.
  • Researchers of Islamic Publications Office, "Footnote", in Tafsīr Jawāmiʿ al-Jāmiʿ, by Fadl b. Hasan al-Tabrisi, Qom, Islamic Publications of Jami'a Mudarrisin of Hawza 'Ilmiyya of Qom, 1428 AH.
  • Muṭahharī, Murtāḍā, Sīrī dar sīra-yi Aʾimma-yi Aṭhār, Tehran, Sadra, 1402 Sh.

Template:Imam al-Sadiq

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