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Draft:Verse 268 of Sura al-Baqara

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Template:Infobox Verse Verse 268 of Sura al-Baqara (Arabic: آیه ۲۶۸ سوره بقره) promises God's forgiveness, pardon of sins, and increase in provision for Infaq (spending)[1] against the promise of Satan who threatens man with poverty and indigence at the time of spending and giving charity.[2] Through this verse, the Qur'an draws attention to the fact that although spending seemingly diminishes something from man, in reality, it adds things to man both spiritually and materially.[3]

Satan frightens you of poverty and bids you to [commit] indecency, and Allah promises you forgiveness from Himself and grace; and Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing.

— الشَّيْطَانُ يَعِدُكُمُ الْفَقْرَ وَيَأْمُرُكُم بِالْفَحْشَاءِ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يَعِدُكُم مَّغْفِرَةً مِّنْهُ وَفَضْلًا ۗ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ

Verse 268 of Sura al-Baqara is considered connected to verse 267 of the same sura,[4] which speaks of spending from good and pure wealth.[5] Based on this, the meaning of the verse is that God promises forgiveness of sins and increase of bounty to the human who spends from pure wealth.[6] Some scholars have interpreted the verse absolutely, covering a wider scope, meaning Satan promises poverty to prevent any good deed.[7] At the end of the verse, God is called "Wāsiʿ" (All-Encompassing; Bountiful), which is among the Names of God.[8] The attribute "Wāsiʿ" is always used regarding God along with the attribute of Knowledge or Wisdom.[9]

In verse 268, "Faḥshāʾ" (indecency) has been interpreted as any ugly and shameful act.[10] Some have reported that in the Arabic language, sometimes "Bukhl" (stinginess) is also called "Faḥshāʾ",[11] and according to exegetes, the expression "Faḥshāʾ" in this verse also refers to stinginess and abandoning Infaq (spending), fitting the context of the verse and the preceding verses.[12] It is said that Satan's bidding refers to his whisperings.[13] Satan promises that spending causes poverty and indigence.[14] Being frightened of poverty by Satan causes greed and stinginess within humans.[15] Satan in this verse is considered to be from Jinn and humans or the Commanding Soul (al-nafs al-ammāra).[16]

According to the interpretation of exegetes, the meaning of the word "Maghfirah" (forgiveness) in verse 268 is the forgiveness of sins, and the meaning of "Faḍl" (grace/bounty) is the increase of capitals.[17] Thus, God gives two rewards for Infaq: He forgives sins and provides the replacement of what has been spent to the spender.[18] In this verse, forgiveness precedes grace because grace is higher and greater than forgiveness.[19]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṭayyib, Aṭyab al-bayān, 1378 Sh, vol. 3, p. 50.
  2. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 2, p. 336.
  3. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 2, p. 337.
  4. ↑ Qurṭubī, Al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān, 1364 Sh, vol. 3, p. 328.
  5. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, 1372 Sh, vol. 2, p. 657.
  6. ↑ Mūsawī Sabziwārī, Mawāhib al-Raḥmān, 1409 AH, vol. 4, p. 370.
  7. ↑ Ziyāʾābādī, "Khudsāzī-yi Āyatullāh Ziyāʾābādī".
  8. ↑ Mūsawī Sabziwārī, Mawāhib al-Raḥmān, 1409 AH, vol. 4, p. 370.
  9. ↑ Mūsawī Sabziwārī, Mawāhib al-Raḥmān, 1409 AH, vol. 4, p. 370.
  10. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 2, p. 336.
  11. ↑ Kāshānī, Tafsīr al-muʿīn, 1410 AH, vol. 1, p. 134.
  12. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 2, p. 336.
  13. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 2, p. 337.
  14. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 2, p. 336.
  15. ↑ Quṭb, Fī ẓilāl al-Qurʾān, 1412 AH, vol. 1, p. 312.
  16. ↑ Fakhr al-Rāzī, Mafātīḥ al-ghayb, 1420 AH, vol. 7, p. 55.
  17. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, 1374 Sh, vol. 2, p. 338.
  18. ↑ Faḍlallāh, Tafsīr min waḥy al-Qurʾān, 1419 AH, vol. 5, p. 107.
  19. ↑ Quṭb, Fī ẓilāl al-Qurʾān, 1412 AH, vol. 1, p. 312.

References

  • Faḍlallāh, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Tafsīr min waḥy al-Qurʾān. Beirut, Dār al-Malāk, 2nd ed., 1419 AH.
  • Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar. Mafātīḥ al-ghayb. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 3rd ed., 1420 AH.
  • Kāshānī, Muḥammad b. Murtaḍā. Tafsīr al-muʿīn. Edited by Ḥusayn Dargāhī. Qom, Kitābkhāna-yi Āyatullāh Marʿashī Najafī, 1st ed., 1410 AH.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1st ed., 1374 Sh.
  • Mūsawī Sabziwārī, Sayyid ʿAbd al-Aʿlā al-. Mawāhib al-Raḥmān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut, Muʾassasat Ahl al-Bayt (a), 2nd ed., 1409 AH.
  • Qurṭubī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusraw, 1st ed., 1364 Sh.
  • Quṭb, Sayyid Ibrāhīm Ḥusayn Shādhilī. Fī ẓilāl al-Qurʾān. Beirut/Cairo, Dār al-Shurūq, 17th ed., 1412 AH.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Introduction by Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī. Tehran, Nāṣir Khusraw, 3rd ed., 1372 Sh.
  • Ṭayyib, Sayyid ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. Aṭyab al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Intishārāt-i Islām, 2nd ed., 1378 Sh.
  • Ziyāʾābādī, Sayyid Muḥammad. "Khudsāzī-yi Āyatullāh Ziyāʾābādī". Aparat website. Accessed: 12 Azar 1402 Sh.

Template:Verses of Sura al-Baqara Template:Ethical Verses

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