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Draft:Verse 69 of Sura al-'Ankabut

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Verse 69 of Sura al-'Ankabut
Verse's Information
AboutGuidance and support for Mujahids in the way of God


Verse 69 of Sura al-ʿAnkabūt (Arabic: آیه ۶۹ سوره عنکبوت) is the last verse of Sura al-'Ankabut which refers to God's support and guidance for those who strive in His way (mujahids) and His assistance to the doers of good (muḥsinīn). Jihad in this verse is interpreted broadly to include fighting against enemies and Satan, fighting against the self, and striving to acquire religious knowledge. The phrase "God's paths" refers to paths that bring a person closer to God and guide them.

In some narrations, this verse is applied to the Ahl al-Bayt (a); however, this interpretation does not limit the concept of the verse.

Exegetes have pointed out several interpretative points regarding this verse, including the importance of combining Jihad with sincerity, the superiority of the station of doers of good over mujahids, and the effect of acting upon one's knowledge on increasing knowledge.

Introduction

Based on Verse 69 of Sura al-'Ankabut, God guides and supports those who strive in His way; although it is mentioned in Tafsir-i nimuna that there are many difficulties in the way of God, including recognizing the truth, whisperings of Satans, and the enmity of enemies.[1] This verse is considered the essence of Sura al-'Ankabut[2] and a repetition of the truths mentioned in the opening verses of that Sura.[3]

Template:Verse

It is said that the meaning of God being "with the doers of good" (muḥsinīn) is helping them[4] or having care and Divine Mercy for them.[5] Some exegetes also consider it to include helping the doers of good in this world and reward and forgiveness of sins in the Hereafter.[6]

Meaning of Jihad in the Way of God

There are different views regarding the interpretation of Jihad in Verse 69 of Sura al-'Ankabut.[7] Some exegetes, including Al-Shaykh al-Tusi[8] and al-Tabrisi,[9] consider Jihad to include fighting against disbelievers and fighting against the self (Jihad al-Nafs). Allama Tabataba'i[10] and Mulla Fath Allah Kashani[11] have added fighting against Satan to it. Another group considers it to include striving to acquire religious knowledge and performing righteous deeds.[12] Nasir Makarim Shirazi considers Jihad in this verse to include any kind of effort for divine goals.[13] Allama Tabataba'i considers the word "fīnā" (in Us) as a metaphor for any matter that belongs to God, whether in belief or in action.[14] In Tafsir al-Qummi, it is stated that the mujahids are those who were patient and strove alongside Prophet Muhammad (s).[15]

"God's paths" in the phrase "We will surely guide them to Our paths" refers to paths that bring a person closer to God and guide him towards Him;[16] according to Allama Tabataba'i, Jihad in the way of God is a form of guidance, and guidance to God's paths is considered "double guidance"; therefore, this verse is also related to Verse 17 of Sura Muhammad.[17]

Application of the Verse to Ahl al-Bayt (a)

In some narrations, Verse 69 of Sura al-'Ankabut has been applied to the Ahl al-Bayt (a). For instance, it is narrated from Imam al-Baqir (a) that this verse was revealed about the Ahl al-Bayt (a).[18] Also, in another narration from Imam al-Baqir (a), it is stated that this verse is about the Family of Muhammad (Al Muhammad) and their followers.[19] It is also narrated from Imam Ali (a) that in a sermon, he mentioned himself as the instance of "Muḥsinīn" (doers of good) in this verse.[20] However, it is said that interpreting the verse as referring to the Ahl al-Bayt (a) is an expression of the perfect instance (miṣdāq) of the verse and does not imply a limitation of its concept.[21]

Exegetical Points

Some exegetes have stated points regarding Verse 69 of al-'Ankabut, including:

  • Defeats are caused by shortcomings in Jihad or lack of sincerity in action, and combining these two brings victory and guidance.[22]
  • Acting upon what one knows leads to an increase in knowledge.[23]
  • The station of doers of good (muḥsinīn) is higher than the station of mujahids; because in addition to Jihad, they also help others.[24]
  • There are multiple paths to reaching Divine Proximity.[25]
  • Obedience to God leads to an increase in Tawfiq (Divine success).[26]

Notes

  1. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 16, p. 348.
  2. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 16, p. 348.
  3. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 16, p. 148; Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 16, p. 348.
  4. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, vol. 8, p. 226.
  5. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 16, p. 152.
  6. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 8, p. 458; Kāshānī, Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn, vol. 7, p. 156.
  7. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 16, p. 349.
  8. ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān, vol. 8, p. 226.
  9. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 8, p. 458.
  10. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 16, p. 151.
  11. ↑ Kāshānī, Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn, vol. 7, p. 155.
  12. ↑ Ṭayyib, Aṭyab al-bayān, vol. 10, p. 356.
  13. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 16, p. 349.
  14. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 16, p. 349; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 16, p. 151.
  15. ↑ Qummī, Tafsīr al-Qummī, vol. 2, p. 151.
  16. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 16, p. 151; Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 16, p. 349.
  17. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān, vol. 16, p. 151.
  18. ↑ Furāt Kūfī, Tafsīr Furāt al-Kūfī, p. 320; Ḥaskānī, Shawāhid al-tanzīl, vol. 1, p. 569.
  19. ↑ Qummī, Tafsīr al-Qummī, vol. 2, p. 151.
  20. ↑ Ṣadūq, Maʿānī l-akhbār, p. 59.
  21. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 16, p. 351.
  22. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 16, p. 350.
  23. ↑ Kāshānī, Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn, vol. 7, p. 155; Shāh-ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīmī, Tafsīr-i ithnā ʿasharī, vol. 10, p. 265.
  24. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 16, p. 352.
  25. ↑ Qarāʾatī, Tafsīr-i nūr, vol. 7, p. 173.
  26. ↑ Shāh-ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīmī, Tafsīr-i ithnā ʿasharī, vol. 10, p. 265.

References

  • Furāt Kūfī, Furāt b. Ibrāhīm. Tafsīr Furāt al-Kūfī. Edited by Muḥammad Kāẓim. Tehran, Wizārat-i Farhang wa Irshād-i Islāmī, 1st ed, 1410 AH.
  • Ḥaskānī, ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh... al-. Shawāhid al-tanzīl li-qawāʿid al-tafḍīl. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Maḥmūdī. Tehran, Wizārat-i Farhang wa Irshād-i Islāmī, 1st ed, 1411 AH.
  • Kāshānī, Mullā Fatḥ Allāh. Manhaj al-ṣādiqīn fī ilzām al-mukhālifīn. Tehran, Kitābfurūshī wa Chāpkhāna-yi Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿIlmī, 1336 Sh.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i nimūna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 10th ed, 1371 Sh.
  • Qarāʾatī, Muḥsin. Tafsīr-i nūr. Tehran, Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Darshāyī az Qurʾān, 1st ed, 1388 Sh.
  • Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm... al-. Tafsīr al-Qummī. Edited by Ṭayyib Mūsawī Jazāʾirī. Qom, Dār al-Kitāb, 3rd ed, 1404 AH.
  • Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī... al-. Maʿānī l-akhbār. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom, Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī al-Tābiʿa li-Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn fī al-Ḥawza al-ʿIlmiyya bi-Qom, 1st ed, 1403 AH.
  • Shāh-ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīmī, Ḥusayn. Tafsīr-i ithnā ʿasharī. Tehran, Mīqāt, 1st ed, 1363 Sh.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut, Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī, 1390 AH.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan... al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Edited by Faḍl Allāh Yazdī Ṭabāṭabāʾī and Hāshim Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran, Nāṣir Khusraw, 3rd ed, 1372 Sh.
  • Ṭayyib, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. Aṭyab al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Islām, 2nd ed, 1369 Sh.
  • Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan... al-. al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Edited by Aḥmad Ḥabīb ʿĀmilī. Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, n.d.

Template:Rules of Jihad

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