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Al-Huruf al-Muqatta'a: Difference between revisions
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The disjoined letters consist in one or more letters with which twenty nine suras of the Qur'an open after Basmala. They are recited separately, such as {{ia|ألم}} (alif – lam – mim), {{ia|یس}} (ya – sin), {{ia|ص}} (sad). They are also called "muqatta'at"<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 89, p. 373</ref> (the disjoined) and "fawatih al-suwar" <ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āyāt al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 206.</ref> (openings of the suras). | The disjoined letters consist in one or more letters with which twenty nine suras of the Qur'an open after Basmala. They are recited separately, such as {{ia|ألم}} (alif – lam – mim), {{ia|یس}} (ya – sin), {{ia|ص}} (sad). They are also called "muqatta'at"<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 89, p. 373</ref> (the disjoined) and "fawatih al-suwar" <ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āyāt al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 206.</ref> (openings of the suras). | ||
Suras opening with such letters are all Makki, except Qur'an 2 and Qur'an 3,<ref>Sakhāwī, ''Jamāl al-qurrāʾ wa kamāl al-ʾiqrāʾ'' | Suras opening with such letters are all Makki, except Qur'an 2 and Qur'an 3,<ref>Sakhāwī, ''Jamāl al-qurrāʾ wa kamāl al-ʾiqrāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 591.</ref> which were revealed in early years after the migration of Muslims to [[Medina]].<ref>Sīūtiī, ''Al-Durr Al-manthūr'', vol. 2, p. 714.</ref> According to [[Kufi]] enumeration of Quranic verses, which is transmitted from [[Imam Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]],<ref>Shāṭibī, ''Manẓūma nāẓīmat al-zuhr '', P. 6.</ref> the disjoined letters are independent verses in some suras, <ref>suras al-Baqara, Al Imran, al-A'raf.</ref> and are parts of a verse in others. <ref>Suras Yunus, Hud.</ref> | ||
These letters consist in: | These letters consist in: | ||
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==Different Interpretations== | ==Different Interpretations== | ||
Quranic scholars and researchers have offered different interpretations and accounts of the disjoined letters. Moreover, independent books were written about such letters, such as ''al-Huruf al-muqatta'a fi l-Qur'an'' by [[Abd al-Jabbar Sharara]], ''Awa'il al-suwar fi l-Qur'an al-karim'' by [[Ali Nasuh Tahir]], and ''I'jaz-i Qur'an: tahlil-i āmāri-yi huruf-i muqatta'a'' (the miracle of the Qur'an: a statistical analysis of the disjoined letters) by Rashad Khalifa. However, some Muslim scholars appeal to certain hadiths <ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'' | Quranic scholars and researchers have offered different interpretations and accounts of the disjoined letters. Moreover, independent books were written about such letters, such as ''al-Huruf al-muqatta'a fi l-Qur'an'' by [[Abd al-Jabbar Sharara]], ''Awa'il al-suwar fi l-Qur'an al-karim'' by [[Ali Nasuh Tahir]], and ''I'jaz-i Qur'an: tahlil-i āmāri-yi huruf-i muqatta'a'' (the miracle of the Qur'an: a statistical analysis of the disjoined letters) by Rashad Khalifa. However, some Muslim scholars appeal to certain hadiths <ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 48; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al–Tafsīr al-kabīr'', Cairo, </ref> to show that such letters are secrets of which only God is aware, and thus, they refrain from any comments on the disjoined letters.<ref>Shalṭūt, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-karīm'', p. 54.</ref> | ||
The disjoined letters are variously interpreted as a secret between God and the Prophet (s), ambiguous ([[mutashabihat]]) parts of the dignified Qur'an, names of the suras, letters of [[oath]], signs of the miracle of the Qur'an, [[God's Greatest Name]], and devices for alerting, among other things. According to Ibn al-Hajar al-Asqalani, since there is no reliable report of the [[companion]] ever asking the Prophet (s) about the disjoined letters, one might conclude that their meaning was obvious and undeniable for them. However, according to Allama Tabataba'i, the above interpretations are not valid, because they do not go beyond speculations and are not supported by evidence. | The disjoined letters are variously interpreted as a secret between God and the Prophet (s), ambiguous ([[mutashabihat]]) parts of the dignified Qur'an, names of the suras, letters of [[oath]], signs of the miracle of the Qur'an, [[God's Greatest Name]], and devices for alerting, among other things. According to Ibn al-Hajar al-Asqalani, since there is no reliable report of the [[companion]] ever asking the Prophet (s) about the disjoined letters, one might conclude that their meaning was obvious and undeniable for them. However, according to Allama Tabataba'i, the above interpretations are not valid, because they do not go beyond speculations and are not supported by evidence. | ||