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Al-Huruf al-Muqatta'a: Difference between revisions
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*'''Mutashabihat (ambiguities) of the Qur'an:''' [[al-Fakhr al-Razi]] and [[al-Suyuti]], [[Sunni]] scholars, believe that the disjoined letters are ambiguities of the Qur'an of which only God is aware.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al–Tafsīr al-kabīr'', under the sura 2, verse 1; Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 3, p. 24.</ref> This is confirmed by some hadiths transmitted by Shiite [[muhaddith]]s as well.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 48; Ṭabarsī, ''Majmaʿa al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref> | *'''Mutashabihat (ambiguities) of the Qur'an:''' [[al-Fakhr al-Razi]] and [[al-Suyuti]], [[Sunni]] scholars, believe that the disjoined letters are ambiguities of the Qur'an of which only God is aware.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al–Tafsīr al-kabīr'', under the sura 2, verse 1; Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 3, p. 24.</ref> This is confirmed by some hadiths transmitted by Shiite [[muhaddith]]s as well.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 48; Ṭabarsī, ''Majmaʿa al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref> | ||
*'''Names of Suras:''' according to [[Shiite]] and Sunni [[exegete]]s, such as [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]], [[al-Tabrisi]], and al-Suyuti, the disjoined letters are names of the suras; Thus, titles of suras are the disjoined letters with which they open with.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 48-49; Ṭabarsi, ''Majmaʿa al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', under the sura 2, verse 1; Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 662. </ref> The view is deemed the best account of the disjoined letters by al-Shaykh al-Tusi and al-Tabrisi.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 48-49; Ṭabarsī, ''Majmaʿa al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref> It is also attributed to Zayd b. Aslam<ref>Ṭabarī,''Jāmiʾ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āyāt al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 206, under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref> as well as [[Khalil b. Ahmad]] and [[Sibawayh]].< | *'''Names of Suras:''' according to [[Shiite]] and Sunni [[exegete]]s, such as [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]], [[al-Tabrisi]], and al-Suyuti, the disjoined letters are names of the suras; Thus, titles of suras are the disjoined letters with which they open with.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 48-49; Ṭabarsi, ''Majmaʿa al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', under the sura 2, verse 1; Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 662. </ref> The view is deemed the best account of the disjoined letters by al-Shaykh al-Tusi and al-Tabrisi.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 48-49; Ṭabarsī, ''Majmaʿa al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref> It is also attributed to Zayd b. Aslam<ref>Ṭabarī,''Jāmiʾ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āyāt al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 206, under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref> as well as [[Khalil b. Ahmad]] and [[Sibawayh]].<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al–Tafsīr al-kabīr'', under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref> | ||
*'''Letters of oath:''' according to [[Ibn 'Abbas]] and 'Ikrima, the disjoined letters are letters of oath, believing that God has taken an oath to these letters which are His own names.< | *'''Letters of oath:''' according to [[Ibn 'Abbas]] and 'Ikrima, the disjoined letters are letters of oath, believing that God has taken an oath to these letters which are His own names.<ref>Ṭabarī,''Jāmiʾ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āyāt al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 206, under the sura 2, verse 1; Ṭabarsī, ''Majmaʿa al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', under the sura 2, verse 1; Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 47.</ref> Al-Suyuti has justified the account with a hadith from [[Imam Ali (a)]] in which he addresses God by saying, "O kaf-ha-ya-'ayn-sad {{ia|کهیعص}}, forgive me!"<ref>Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 3, p. 27-28.</ref> | ||
*'''A sign of the miracle of the Qur'an:''' one of the oldest and best-known interpretations of the disjoined letters is that God has opened twenty nine suras of the Qur'an with these letters to imply that the Qur'an is made up of the same letters with which other Arabs talk, and if they believe that the Qur'an is not a miracle, then they should bring something like the Qur'an with these same letters.<ref>Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 665.</ref> The view appears in some Shiite texts as well.<ref>''Al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ila al-īmam al-Ḥasan b. ʿAli al-ʿAskarī (a)'', p. 62; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 89, p. 377.</ref> It was favored by [[Sayyid Qutb]], a Sunni scholar.<ref>Sayyid Quṭb ,''Fī Ẓilāl al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 38. </ref> | *'''A sign of the miracle of the Qur'an:''' one of the oldest and best-known interpretations of the disjoined letters is that God has opened twenty nine suras of the Qur'an with these letters to imply that the Qur'an is made up of the same letters with which other Arabs talk, and if they believe that the Qur'an is not a miracle, then they should bring something like the Qur'an with these same letters.<ref>Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 665.</ref> The view appears in some Shiite texts as well.<ref>''Al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ila al-īmam al-Ḥasan b. ʿAli al-ʿAskarī (a)'', p. 62; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 89, p. 377.</ref> It was favored by [[Sayyid Qutb]], a Sunni scholar.<ref>Sayyid Quṭb ,''Fī Ẓilāl al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 38. </ref> | ||