Al-Huruf al-Muqatta'a: Difference between revisions

Al-Huruf al-Muqatta'a (view source)

Revision as of 13:17, 15 January 2022

557 bytes added , 15 January 2022

→‎Different Interpretations

VisualWikitext

Anonymous user

imported>Pourghorbani

@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 *'''A secret between God and the Prophet (s):''' some scholars, such as  Allama Tabataba'i and [[Sayyid Mahmud Taliqani]], believe that the disjoined letters are secrets between God and the Prophet (s), that God has concealed from others.<ref>Ṭaliqānī, ''Partuwī az Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 49; Ṭabāṭabāeī,''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'',  vol. 18, p. 9. </ref> The view is attributed to [[Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a)]]. <ref>Majlisī,''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 89, p. 384.</ref>
-*'''Mutashabihat (ambiguities) of the Qur'an:''' [[al-Fakhr al-Razi]] and [[al-Suyuti]], [[Sunni]] scholars, believe that the disjoined letters are ambiguities of the Qur'an of which only God is aware.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al–Tafsīr al-kabīr'', under the sura 2, verse 1; Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 3, p. 24.</ref> This is confirmed by some hadiths transmitted by Shiite [[muhaddith]]s as well.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 48; Ṭabarsī, ''Majmaʿa al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref>
+*'''Mutashabihat (ambiguities) of the Qur'an:''' [[al-Fakhr al-Razi]] and [[al-Suyuti]], [[Sunni]] scholars, believe that the disjoined letters are ambiguities of the Qur'an of which only God is aware.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al–Tafsīr al-kabīr'', under the sura 2, verse 1; Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 3, p. 24.</ref> This is confirmed by some hadiths transmitted by Shiite [[muhaddith]]s as well.<ref>Ṭūsī,''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 48; Ṭabarsī, ''Majmaʿa al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref>
 *'''Names of Suras:''' according to [[Shiite]] and Sunni [[exegete]]s, such as [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]], [[al-Tabrisi]], and al-Suyuti, the disjoined letters are names of the suras; Thus, titles of suras are the disjoined letters with which they open with.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 48-49; Ṭabarsi, ''Majmaʿa al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', under the sura 2, verse 1; Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 662. </ref> The view is deemed the best account of the disjoined letters by al-Shaykh al-Tusi and al-Tabrisi.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 48-49; Ṭabarsī, ''Majmaʿa al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref> It is also attributed to Zayd b. Aslam<ref>Ṭabarī,''Jāmiʾ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āyāt al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 206, under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref> as well as [[Khalil b. Ahmad]] and [[Sibawayh]].<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al–Tafsīr al-kabīr'', under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref>
@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 *'''God's Greatest Name:''' according to Quranic exegetes of the early years of Islam, [[Ibn Mas'ud]]<ref>Suyūtī, ''Al-Durr Al-manthūr'', vol. 1, p. 57.</ref> and Ibn 'Abbas,<ref>Ṭabarī,''Jāmiʾ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āyāt al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 206, under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref>   these letters are God's Greatest Name.<ref>Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 3, p. 27. </ref> [[Sa'id b. Jubayr]] believed that the disjoined letters are God's names which are disjoined.<ref>Ṭabarī,''Jāmiʾ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āyāt al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 207, under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref> The view is attributed to some [[Imams of the Shia]] as well.<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 89, p. 375.</ref>
-*'''Alerting devices:''' according to some people, each of the disjoined letters function as alerting devices (just like "hey" or "look" in English). Thus, since [[polytheist]]s would turn away from the Qur'an and not listen to it or make noises when the Qur'an was recited, God opened certain suras with disjoined letters to attract their attentions, alert them, make them silent, and motivate them to listen to the Qur'an. It was objected why ordinary alerting devices in Arabic (such as "ala" or "ama") were not used, instead. Proponents of the view respond to the objection by saying that the Qur'an is a word dissimilar to human words. Thus, it opened with unordinary alerting devices to make the effect more profound.
+*'''Alerting devices:''' according to some people, each of the disjoined letters function as alerting devices (just like "hey" or "look" in English). Thus, since [[polytheist]]s would turn away from the Qur'an and not listen to it or make noises when the Qur'an was recited,<ref>sura. 41, verse, 26.</ref> God opened certain suras with disjoined letters to attract their attentions, alert them, make them silent, and motivate them to listen to the Qur'an.<ref>Ṭūsī,''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurān'', vol. 1, p. 48; Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 3, p. 31.</ref> It was objected why ordinary alerting devices in Arabic (such as "ala" or "ama") were not used, instead. Proponents of the view respond to the objection by saying that the Qur'an is a word dissimilar to human words. Thus, it opened with unordinary alerting devices to make the effect more profound.<ref>Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 3, p. 31.</ref>
-*'''Numerical interpretation:''' some Quranic exegetes take the disjoined letters to be signs with symbolic meanings based on the numerical values of Arabic letters, known as "abjad numerals" (in Arabic, "'add abi jad" or "hisab al-jumal"). Influenced by the [[Jew]]s, they tried to offer numerical interpretations of the disjoined letters in order to predict when governments were established or fell, how long ethnicities and groups would last, and in particular, how long the Islamic nation would last. To reject such interpretations, Ibn al-Hajar al-'Asqalani appeal to Ibn 'Abbas's prohibition of abjad numerals as a kind of magic, not based in the [[Shari'a]].
+*'''Numerical interpretation:''' some Quranic exegetes take the disjoined letters to be signs with symbolic meanings based on the numerical values of Arabic letters, known as "abjad numerals" (in Arabic, "'add abi jad" or "hisab al-jumal").<ref>Ṭabarī,''Jāmiʾ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āyāt al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 209-210, under the sura 2, verse 1.</ref> Influenced by the [[Jew]]s, they tried to offer numerical interpretations of the disjoined letters in order to predict when governments were established or fell, how long ethnicities and groups would last, and in particular, how long the Islamic nation would last.<ref>Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 3, p. 31; Ṭaliqānī, ''Partuwī az Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 46-47.</ref> To reject such interpretations, Ibn al-Hajar al-'Asqalani appeal to Ibn 'Abbas's prohibition of abjad numerals as a kind of magic, not based in the [[Shari'a]].<ref>Suyūtī,''Al-Itqān fī ʿalūm al-Qurān'', vol. 3, p. 31.</ref>
 ==Notes==