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[[File:نقشه خراسان.jpg|thumbnail|right|Mawara' al-Nahr]] | [[File:نقشه خراسان.jpg|thumbnail|right|Mawara' al-Nahr]] | ||
'''Māwarāʾ al-Nahr''' (Arabic: {{ia| | '''Māwarāʾ al-Nahr''' (Arabic: {{ia|ماوَراء النَهْر}}) or '''Transoxiana''' was the name of a vast land in the east north of the plateau of [[Iran]], which is now also called Central Asia. This region became known as '''Mawara' al-Nahr''', after it was conquered by [[Muslim]]s. The [[religion]] of most of its people before [[Islam]] was [[Zoroastrianism]]. Islam quickly spread in this land and this region could become the pole of Islamic culture and civilization in a short time. Some of its important cities were [[Merv]], [[Balkh]], [[Bukhara]], [[Samarqand]], etc. | ||
This region became an appropriate place for [[Shi'a]] since the second/eighth century due to its distance from the center of [[Abbasid]] [[caliphate]]. Mawara' al-Nahr introduced great scholars to the world of knowledge, among whom there are scientists and scholars such as [[al-'Ayyashi]], [[al-Kashshi]], [[Abu 'Ali Sina]] (Avicenna), [[al-Farabi]] and others. Governments such as [[Samanids]], [[Kara-Khanids]], [[Ghaznavids]], [[Seljuks]], etc. ruled over this region, some of which such as Samanids played a great role in spreading Islamic science, culture and civilization. | This region became an appropriate place for [[Shi'a]] since the second/eighth century due to its distance from the center of [[Abbasid]] [[caliphate]]. Mawara' al-Nahr introduced great scholars to the world of knowledge, among whom there are scientists and scholars such as [[al-'Ayyashi]], [[al-Kashshi]], [[Abu 'Ali Sina]] (Avicenna), [[al-Farabi]] and others. Governments such as [[Samanids]], [[Kara-Khanids]], [[Ghaznavids]], [[Seljuks]], etc. ruled over this region, some of which such as Samanids played a great role in spreading Islamic science, culture and civilization. | ||