Al-Ahkam al-Ta'sisiyya
Al-Aḥkām al-taʾsīsīyya (Arabic: الاحکام التأسیسیة) (literally: foundational rulings) or al-aḥkām al-ibtidāʾīyya (literally: primitive rulings)[1] are, in contrast to al-aḥkām al-imḍā'īyya (literally: endorsed rulings), rulings that are legislated in the Islamic Shari'a for the first time, without having a precedent before Islam.[2]
The word, "ta'sis", is from the root, "a-s-s" (أسس), which means to found or to establish.
There is no clear-cut discussion of foundational and endorsed rulings in sources of Islamic jurisprudence, and they are indeed known through examples.[3] Many of the five obligational rulings, such as prayer, fasting, and inheritance, as well as criminal rulings, such as cutting a thief's fingers, count as foundational Rulings.[4]
Notes
References
- A group of authors. Farhangnāma-yi usūl-i fiqh. Qom: Pazhūhishgāh-i ʿUlūm wa Farhang Islāmī, 1389 Sh.
- Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Dāʾirat al-maʿārif-i fiqh-i muqārin. First edition. Qom: Madrisat Imām ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (a), 1427 AH.
- Muḥaqqiq Dāmād, Musṭafā. Mabāḥithī az usūl-i fiqh. Tehran: Markaz-i Nashr-i ʿUlūm-i Islāmī, 1406 AH.
- Nūrī, Sayyid Masʿūd. Taʾsīsī in Dānishnāmah-yi Jahān Islām. Tehran: Bunyād Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmī, 1388 Sh.
- Shāhrūdī, Sayyid Maḥmūd. Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq bā madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt. Qom: Muʾassisat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Fiqh al-Islāmī, 1395 Sh.