January
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January (French: Janvier) is the first month of the Gregorian and Julian calendars and one of the seven months of the year that has 31 days. In most parts of the world, the first day of this month is known as 'New Year's Day.' In Iran, January coincides with the months of Dey and Bahman in the Solar Hijri calendar. January comes before February.
Some of the most significant events that have occurred in this month include the change of the Qibla from Bayt al-Maqdis to the Ka'ba, the Battle of Banu Mustaliq, the conquest of Mecca, the birth of Imam al-Husayn (a) and Imam al-Sajjad (a), the martyrdom of Imam Ali (a), the martyrdom of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a), the martyrdom of Zayd b. Ali, the death of Hisham b. Abd al-Malik, the arrest of Imam Musa al-Kazim (a), the martyrdom of Imam Hasan al-Askari (a), the Minor Occultation, the uprising of January 9, 1978 of people of Qom, and the martyrdom of Qasem Soleimani.
Events
January 1
- 874 CE: Martyrdom of Imam al-Hasan al-Askari (a), the eleventh Imam of the Twelver Shi'a (Rabi' I 8, 260 AH)"
January 2
- 874 CE: The beginning of the Imamate of Imam al-Mahdi (a), the twelfth Imam of the Shi'a (Rabi' I 9, 260 AH)
January 3
- 628 AD: The occurrence of the Battle of Banu Mustaliq, one of the battles of the Prophet Muhammad (s) with the Banu Mustaliq tribe (Sha'ban 19, 6 AH)
January 4
- 1960 AD. Demise of Sayyid Ali Yathribi Kashani, a Shia scholar and one of the teachers at the seminaries of Qom and Kashan (Rajab 5, 1379 AH)
January 5
- 835 AD. The summons of Imam al-Jawad (a) to Baghdad by the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mu'tasim (Muharram 1, 220 AH).
- 1887 AD. Demis of Sayyid Haydar b. Sulayman al-Hilli, a Shia poet and elegist from Hilla (Rabi' al-Thani 9, 1304 AH).
January 6
- 659 AD. The birth of Imam Zain al-Abidin (a), the fourth Imam of the Shi'a (5th of Sha'ban, 38 AH)
January 7
- 824 AD. Demise of Sayyida Nafisa, a descendant of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (a), buried in Cairo (Ramadan 1, 208 AH).
- 1993 AD. The passing of Toshihiko Izutsu, a Japanese linguist, philosopher, and Quran scholar. (Rajab 13, 1413)
January 8
- 740 AD. The martyrdom of Zayd b. Ali, the son of Imam Zain al-Abidin (a) and leader of the revolt against the Umayyads, according to the report of Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani (Safar 3, 122 AH)
January 9
- 1265 AD. The passing of Hulagu Khan, the Ilkhanid Mongol ruler responsible for the extinction of the Abbasid Caliphate (Rabi' al-Awwal 19, 663 AH)
January 10
- 743 AD. The death of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, the 10th Umayyad Caliph (Rabi' al-Awwal 9, 125 AH)
January 11
- 630 CE – The Conquest of Mecca was led by the Prophet Muhammad (s) in response to the Quraysh tribe’s violation of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. Muslim forces peacefully took the city on 20 Ramadan, 8 AH.
January 12
- 624 CE – The Qibla (direction of prayer) was changed from Jerusalem to the Kaaba in Mecca, on 15 Rajab, 2 AH.
January 13
- 2005 CE – Sayyid Ziauddin Rizvi, a prominent Shia leader from Gilgit-Baltistan, was assassinated (24 Dey 1383 SH).
January 14
- 1370 CE – The death of Fakhr al-Muhaqqiqin, a prominent Shia jurist and author of the jurisprudential work Idah al-Fawa'id, occurred on Jumada II 15 771 AH.
January 15
- 2009 CE – Saeid Siyam, head of Hamas' security forces and former commander of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, was assassinated by Israel.
January 16
- 1979 CE – Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi fled Iran following intensified public protests.
January 17
- 2009 CE – End of Operation Cast Lead, a 22-day Israeli military offensive against the Gaza Strip.
January 18
- 909 CE – Death of Musa al-Mubarqa', son of Imam al-Jawad (a) and one of the transmitters of Shia hadith (22 Rabi' al-Thani, 296 AH).
January 19
- 625 CE – Birth of Imam al-Husayn (a), the third Imam of the Shia Muslims (3 Sha'ban, 3 AH).
January 20
- 820 CE – Death of Muhammad b. Idris al-Shafi‘i, founder of the Shafi‘i school — one of the four major Sunni legal traditions (30 Rajab, 204 AH).