Ramadan 1

The 1st of Ramadan is the 237th day of the year in the conventional Hijri lunar calendar.

65 AH - The death of Marwan b. al-Hakam, the fourth Umayyad Caliph, founder of the Marwanid dynasty and one of the enemies of the Ahl al-Bayt (a). (April 11, 685)

208 AH - Demise of lady Nafisa bt. al-Hasan b. Zayd a descendant of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba (a), buried in Cairo, wife of Ishaq b. Ja'far al-Sadiq (January 7, 824)

428 AH - The death of Avicenna (Ibn Sina), the great philosopher, scholar, and Shia physician (June 22, 1037).

1420 AH - The death of Sayyid Muhammad Musawi Kalantar, a prominent jurist and teacher in the Najaf seminary and the founder of the Jam'iat al-Najaf al-Diniyyah, one of the reformist and new religious schools in Najaf (December 9, 1999).

	Special Acts and Prayers for the First Day of Ramadan
Acts of the First Night	Performing ghusl (ritual bath) Ziyara of Imam al-Husayn (a) Reciting al-Jawshan al-Kabir Supplication. Reciting of Forty-fourth Supplication of al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya. When sighting the crescent, recite the 43rd prayer of al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiya and this supplication: "My Lord and your Lord is Allah, the Lord of the worlds. O Allah, bring this crescent to us with safety, faith, peace, Islam, and hasten us toward what You love and approve. O Allah, bless us in this month and grant us its best, its help, protect us from its harm, its evil, its affliction, and its trial." Arabic: رَبِّي وَ رَبُّكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ اللَّهُمَّ أَهِلَّهُ عَلَيْنَا بِالْأَمْنِ وَ الْإِيمَانِ وَ السَّلامَةِ وَ الْإِسْلامِ وَ الْمُسَارَعَةِ إِلَى مَا تُحِبُّ وَ تَرْضَى اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِي شَهْرِنَا هَذَا وَ ارْزُقْنَا خَيْرَهُ وَ عَوْنَهُ وَ اصْرِفْ عَنَّا ضُرَّهُ وَ شَرَّهُ وَ بَلاءَهُ وَ فِتْنَتَهُ Reciting this Du'a: O Allah, Lord of the month of Ramadan, the One who revealed the Qur'an. This is the month in which You sent down the Qur'an, and revealed clear signs of guidance and the Criterion. O Allah, grant us the ability to fast, and aid us in performing its prayers. O Allah, protect this month for us, and protect us within it. Accept our deeds with ease and grant us well-being. And in whatever You decree and predetermine from the inevitable matters, and whatever You distribute of wise matters on the Night of Qadr, from the decree that cannot be reversed or altered, write me among those who perform the Hajj to Your Sacred House, accepted is their Hajj, their efforts appreciated, their sins forgiven, and their bad deeds erased. O Allah, in whatever You decree and predetermine, extend my life and bless me with ample lawful sustenance Arabic: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُنَزِّلَ الْقُرْآنِ هَذَا شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلْتَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنَ وَ أَنْزَلْتَ فِيهِ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَ الْفُرْقَانِ اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنَا صِيَامَهُ وَ أَعِنَّا عَلَى قِيَامِهِ اللَّهُمَّ سَلِّمْهُ لَنَا وَ سَلِّمْنَا فِيهِ وَ تَسَلَّمْهُ مِنَّا فِي يُسْرٍ مِنْكَ وَ مُعَافَاةٍ وَ اجْعَلْ فِيمَا تَقْضِي وَ تُقَدِّرُ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ الْمَحْتُومِ وَ فِيمَا تَفْرُقُ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ الْحَكِيمِ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ مِنَ الْقَضَاءِ الَّذِي لا يُرَدُّ وَ لا يُبَدَّلُ أَنْ تَكْتُبَنِي مِنْ حُجَّاجِ بَيْتِكَ الْحَرَامِ الْمَبْرُورِ حَجُّهُمْ الْمَشْكُورِ سَعْيُهُمْ الْمَغْفُورِ ذُنُوبُهُمْ الْمُكَفَّرِ عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتُهُمْ وَ اجْعَلْ فِيمَا تَقْضِي وَ تُقَدِّرُ أَنْ تُطِيلَ لِي فِي عُمْرِي وَ تُوَسِّعَ عَلَيَّ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ الْحَلالِ
Acts of the First Day	Performing ghusl (ritual bath) Sadaqa Two rak'as of prayer should be performed, in the first rak'a recite al-Fatiha and Sura al-Fath, and in the second rak'a recite al-Fatiha and any Sura of your choice. Four rak'as should be performed, and in each rak'a, after reciting Sura al-Fatiha, recite Sura al-Ikhlas fifteen times. After the dawn has risen, recite this supplication: O Allah, the month of Ramadan has arrived, and You have made fasting in it obligatory upon us. In it, You revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear signs of guidance and distinction. O Allah, assist us in fasting it, accept it from us, and deliver it to us. Grant us ease and health in it, for You are capable of everything." Arabic: اَللّهُمَّ قَدْ حَضَرَ شَهْرُ رَمَضانَ وَقَدِ افْتَرَضْتَ عَلَینا صِیامَهُ وَاَنْزَلْتَ فیهِ الْقُرآنَ هُدی لِلنّاسِ وَبَیناتٍ مِنَ الْهُدی وَالْفُرْقانِ اَللّهُمَّ اَعِنّا عَلی صِیامِهِ وَتَقَبَّلْهُ مِنّا وَتَسَلَّمْهُ مِنّا وَسَلِّمْهُ لَنا فی یسْرٍ مِنَک وَعافِیةٍ اِنَّک عَلی کلِّشَیءٍ قَدیرٌ
'Supplication of the Day	O Allah, on this day make my fasts the fasts of those who fast (sincerely), and my standing up in prayer of those, who stand up in prayer (obediently), awaken me in it from the sleep of the heedless, and forgive me my sins, O God of the worlds, and forgive me, O one who forgives the sinners. Arabic: اَللّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ صِیامِی فِیهِ صِیامَ الصَّائِمِینَ وَ قِیامِی فِیهِ قِیامَ الْقَائِمِینَ وَ نَبِّهْنِی فِیهِ عَنْ نَوْمَةِ الْغَافِلِینَ وَ هَبْ لِی جُرْمِی فِیهِ یا إِلَهَ الْعَالَمِینَ وَ اعْفُ عَنِّی یا عَافِیا عَنِ الْمُجْرِمِینَ