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Concealment of Truth

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Concealment of Truth or Kitmān al-Ḥaqq (Arabic: کتمان الحق) refers to the act of hiding something that would lead a person to the truth.[1] Researchers have identified twenty verses in the Qur'an that address concealment (kitman).[2] These verses point to instances of concealing the truth such as concealing religious teachings, Concealment of Testimony, concealing faith, concealing secrets, and concealing God's blessings.[3]

Hasan Mustafawi, in the book Tafsir-i rawshan, interprets "Concealment of Truth" in Qur'anic terminology as the concealment of religious teachings and beliefs.[4] The Qur'an addresses this instance of concealing the truth in the Verse of Kitman and other verses, including Qur'an 2:146, Qur'an 2:42, and Qur'an 3:71.[5]

According to Shi'a commentaries, the individuals who concealed religious truths and teachings were the scholars of the People of the Book,[6] whom the Qur'an describes them as having a lowly status and rebukes, condemns, and curses (la'n).[7] Some exegetes believe that in cases where people have an intense need to know the truth, silence is also considered an instance of Concealment of Truth.[8]

The Qur'an mentions Concealment of Testimony in verses such as Qur'an 5:106 and Qur'an 2:283,[9] concealment of faith in Qur'an 40:28,[10] concealment of what is in the wombs in Qur'an 2:228,[11] and concealment of God's blessings in Qur'an 4:37.[12]

According to researchers, concealment (kitman) does not have a specific religious ruling or moral judgment. instead, it has different rulings depending on its instances.[13] For example, concealing people's secrets and faults, and concealing one's faith when fearing harm (Taqiyya), are considered morally praiseworthy [14] and obligatory or recommended from a jurisprudential perspective.[15] Conversely, concealing religious truths as well as concealing testimony is considered morally reprehensible[16] and forbidden in the Shari'a.[17]

Notes

  1. ↑ Raḍāʾī Iṣfahānī, Tafsīr-i Mihr, vol. 2, p. 59.
  2. ↑ Muʾadhdhanī, "Kitmān-i ḥaqq".
  3. ↑ Hādī, "Kitmān-i mamdūḥ wa madhmūm", p. 126; Baygī, "Jurm-angārī-yi kitmān-i shahādat wa chālish-hā-yi ān dar ḥuqūq-i Īrān", pp. 151-152.
  4. ↑ Muṣṭafawī, Tafsīr-i rawshan, vol. 4, p. 268.
  5. ↑ Baygī, "Jurm-angārī-yi kitmān-i shahādat wa chālish-hā-yi ān dar ḥuqūq-i Īrān", p. 150.
  6. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 1, p. 442.
  7. ↑ Muʾadhdhanī, "Kitmān-i ḥaqq".
  8. ↑ Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i namūna, vol. 1, p. 550.
  9. ↑ Baygī, "Jurm-angārī-yi kitmān-i shahādat wa chālish-hā-yi ān dar ḥuqūq-i Īrān", p. 151.
  10. ↑ Muʾadhdhanī, "Kitmān-i ḥaqq".
  11. ↑ Rīshah-yābī-yi mādda-yi katama, "Site-i Tanzil".
  12. ↑ Rīshah-yābī-yi mādda-yi katama, "Site-i Tanzil".
  13. ↑ Hādī, "Kitmān-i mamdūḥ wa madhmūm", p. 124.
  14. ↑ Hādī, "Kitmān-i mamdūḥ wa madhmūm", p. 126.
  15. ↑ Ṭayyib, Aṭyab al-bayān, vol. 2, p. 266; Shahīd al-Awwal, al-Qawāʿid wa l-fawāʾid, vol. 2, p. 157; Muʾassasa-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī, Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq-i madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt, vol. 1, p. 591.
  16. ↑ Hādī, "Kitmān-i mamdūḥ wa madhmūm", p. 138.
  17. ↑ Shahīd al-Thānī, Masālik al-afhām, vol. 14, p. 263.

References

  • Baygī, Jamāl. "Jurm-angārī-yi kitmān-i shahādat wa chālish-hā-yi ān dar ḥuqūq-i Īrān" (Criminalization of Concealing Testimony and its Challenges in Iranian Law). Dūfaṣlnāma-yi Āmūzahā-yi Ḥuqūq-i Kayfarī. no. 14. 1396 Sh.
  • Hādī, Aṣghar. "Kitmān-i mamdūḥ wa madhmūm (miʿyārhā wa chālish-hā)" (Praiseworthy and Blameworthy Concealment: Criteria and Challenges). Faṣlnāma-yi Akhlāq. vol. 8. no. 30. Summer 1397 Sh.
  • Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Tafsīr-i namūna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1st ed., 1371 Sh.
  • Muʾadhdhanī, Muḥammad. "Kitmān-i ḥaqq" (Concealment of Truth). Bānk-i Maqālāt-i ʿUlūm-i Insānī-yi Pajūha. 1393 Sh.
  • Muʾassasa-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī bar Madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt (a). Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq-i madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt (a). Qom, Muʾassasa-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī bar Madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt (a), 1st ed., 1426 AH.
  • Muṣṭafawī, Ḥasan. Tafsīr-i rawshan. Tehran, Markaz-i Nashr-i Kitāb, 1st ed., 1380 Sh.
  • Raḍāʾī Iṣfahānī, Muḥammad ʿAlī. Tafsīr-i Mihr. Qom, Pajūhishhā-yi Tafsīr wa ʿUlūm-i Qurʾān, 1st ed., 1378 Sh.
  • Rīshah-yābī-yi mādda-yi katama. "Site-i Tanzil". Accessed: Aban 9, 1402 Sh.
  • Shahīd al-Awwal, Muḥammad al-. Al-Qawāʿid wa l-fawāʾid. Qom, Maktabat al-Mufīd, 1st ed., 1400 AH.
  • Shahīd al-Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī al-. Masālik al-afhām ilā tanqīḥ sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. Qom, Muʾassasat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmiyya, 1st ed., 1413 AH.
  • Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Nashr-i Nāṣir Khusraw, 3rd ed., 1372 Sh.
  • Ṭayyib, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. Aṭyab al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Tehran, Nashr-i Islām, 2nd ed., 1369 Sh.
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