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Waladanī Abū Bakr Marratayn
SubjectLineage of Imam al-Sadiq (a) to Abu Bakr through his maternal grandfather and grandmother


Waladanī Abū Bakr Marratayn (Arabic: وَلَدَنی ابوبکر مَرَّتَیْن; lit. "Abu Bakr gave birth to me twice") is a phrase attributed to Imam al-Sadiq (a) which refers to his family lineage to Abu Bakr through his maternal grandfather and grandmother.

This narration does not exist in the primary and early Shi'a sources, and the oldest Shi'a source citing it is the book Kashf al-ghumma, which has narrated it as a Mursal hadith from Sunni sources. Some Shi'a scholars have rejected its chain of transmission based on Sunni biographical evaluation (Rijal) and considered its content merely expressive of a genealogical relationship or resulting from Taqiyya.

In contrast, some Sunni scholars have used this narration as evidence for the virtue of Abu Bakr, the devotion of the Shi'a Imams to him, and the refutation of the Shi'a claim regarding the enmity of the Imams with the Three Caliphs. This narration has been transmitted in Sunni sources both as Musnad (connected chain) and without a chain.

Status and Characteristics

The phrase "Waladanī Abū Bakr marratayn", meaning "Abu Bakr gave birth to me twice", is attributed to Imam al-Sadiq (a).[1] Sunnis have used this phrase as evidence for the virtue of Abu Bakr,[2] the devotion of the Shi'a Imams to him, and the refutation of the Shi'a claim regarding the enmity of the Imams (a) with the Three Caliphs.[3] Some have also considered it a sign of Imam al-Sadiq's dissatisfaction with the Shi'a due to disrespecting Abu Bakr.[4] In contrast, Shi'a scholars such as Sayyid Ja'far Murtada al-'Amili, citing Sunni biographical sources, have critiqued the chain of this narration and denied its issuance from Imam al-Sadiq (a).[5]

Some Shi'a researchers have also doubted the implication of this narration for the claim intended by Sunnis and have proposed two other possibilities:

  • It merely expresses the genealogical relationship of Imam al-Sadiq (a) with Abu Bakr, without any praise or blame.[6]
  • This phrase was stated in conditions of Taqiyya[7] and to repel accusations[8] or prevent oppression against the Shi'a.[9]

This phrase refers to the lineage of Imam al-Sadiq (a) to Abu Bakr through his mother (Umm Farwa).[10] Umm Farwa was the daughter of al-Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abi Bakr.[11] The mother of Umm Farwa was Asma', the daughter of 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Bakr.[12]

According to Qadi Nur Allah al-Shushtari and Muhammad Husayn al-Muzaffar in their refutations of the book Ibtal nahj al-batil, Fadl b. Ruzbahan al-Khunji, the author of this book, considered the word "Siddiq" as part of the narration and argued based on it.[13]

Sources

Researchers have considered Sunni sources as the origin of the narration "Waladani Abu Bakr marratayn" and believe that this narration found its way into later Shi'a sources from these sources.[14]

Sunni Sources

The hadith "Waladani Abu Bakr marratayn" has appeared as Musnad in Tarikh Madinat Dimashq by Ibn 'Asakir (d. 571/1176)[15] and Tahdhib al-kamal by al-Mizzi (d. 743/1342).[16] Sunni hadith scholars, such as Shams al-Din al-Dhahabi[17] and Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti,[18] have cited it without a chain in their works. In some Sunni sources, this phrase appears alone;[19] but in other sources, it is part of a longer narration in which Imam al-Sadiq (a) considers hope for the intercession of Abu Bakr to be greater than hope for the intercession of Imam Ali (a).[20]

Shi'a Sources

According to Muhammad Hadi Yusufi Gharawi, a Shi'a historian, the oldest Shi'a source that has narrated this phrase is Kashf al-ghumma.[21] Ali b. Isa al-Irbili (d. 692/1293) narrated it from 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Janabadhi, a Sunni[22] (d. 611/1214).[23] Shi'a researchers have considered this transmission as Mursal.[24] Also, Ibn Inaba, a Shi'a genealogist, has cited this phrase in 'Umdat al-talib[25] which is also without a chain.[26]

Some Shi'a scholars such as Damin b. Shadqam,[27] Aqa Muhammad Ali Bihbahani,[28] Abd Allah Mamaqani,[29] Muhammad Ali Mudarris Tabrizi,[30] and Morteza Motahhari[31] have narrated this phrase without critique. Also, in some Shi'a jurisprudential texts, this phrase has been cited as a narration from Imam al-Sadiq (a).[32]

Notes

  1. ↑ Irbilī, Kashf al-ghumma, 1405 AH, vol. 2, p. 374.
  2. ↑ Mūsawī, Al-Shīʿa wa l-taṣḥīḥ, p. 159-160.
  3. ↑ Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ, 1405 AH, vol. 6, p. 255.
  4. ↑ Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ, 1405 AH, vol. 6, p. 255.
  5. ↑ ʿĀmilī, Mīzān al-ḥaqq, vol. 1, 1431 AH, p. 344-345; Mūsawī Ṣāfī, Ummahāt al-aʾimma al-maʿṣūmīn (a), 1436 AH, vol. 2, p. 68-69.
  6. ↑ Shūshtarī, Iḥqāq al-ḥaqq, 1409 AH, vol. 1, p. 67.
  7. ↑ ʿĀmilī, Mīzān al-ḥaqq, vol. 1, 1431 AH, p. 343-345; Shūshtarī, Iḥqāq al-ḥaqq, 1409 AH, vol. 1, p. 68.
  8. ↑ Shūshtarī, Iḥqāq al-ḥaqq, 1409 AH, vol. 1, p. 68.
  9. ↑ ʿĀmilī, Mīzān al-ḥaqq, vol. 1, 1431 AH, vol. 1, p. 345.
  10. ↑ Mūsawī Ṣāfī, Ummahāt al-aʾimma al-maʿṣūmīn (a), 1436 AH, vol. 2, p. 67.
  11. ↑ Mufīd, Al-Irshād, 1413 AH, vol. 2, p. 180.
  12. ↑ Kulaynī, Al-Kāfī, 1407 AH, vol. 1, p. 472.
  13. ↑ Shūshtarī, Iḥqāq al-ḥaqq, 1409 AH, vol. 1, p. 67; Muẓaffar, Dalāʾil al-ṣidq, 1422 AH, vol. 2, p. 35.
  14. ↑ Yūsufī Gharawī, Mawsūʿat al-tārīkh al-Islāmī, 1387 Sh, vol. 6, p. 497.
  15. ↑ Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh Madīnat Dimashq, 1415 AH, vol. 44, p. 454.
  16. ↑ Mizzī, Tahdhīb al-kamal, 1400 AH, vol. 5, p. 82.
  17. ↑ Dhahabī, Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ, 1405 AH, vol. 6, p. 255.
  18. ↑ Suyūṭī, Ṭabaqāt al-ḥuffāẓ, 1403 AH, p. 79.
  19. ↑ Dhahabī, Tārīkh al-Islām, 2003, vol. 3, p. 828.
  20. ↑ Mizzī, Tahdhīb al-kamal, 1400 AH, vol. 5, p. 82.
  21. ↑ Yūsufī Gharawī, Mawsūʿat al-tārīkh al-Islāmī, 1387 Sh, vol. 6, p. 497.
  22. ↑ Mūsawī Ṣāfī, Ummahāt al-aʾimma al-maʿṣūmīn (a), 1436 AH, vol. 2, p. 69.
  23. ↑ Irbilī, Kashf al-ghumma, 1405 AH, vol. 2, p. 374.
  24. ↑ Yūsufī Gharawī, Mawsūʿat al-tārīkh al-Islāmī, 1387 Sh, vol. 6, p. 497.
  25. ↑ Ibn ʿInaba, ʿUmdat al-ṭālib, 1417 AH, p. 176.
  26. ↑ Ḥusaynī, Al-Ajwiba al-hādiya, 1429 AH, p. 106.
  27. ↑ Ḥusaynī Madanī, Tuḥfat al-azhār, 1378 Sh, vol. 2, p. 43.
  28. ↑ Bihbahānī, Maqāmiʿ al-faḍl, vol. 2, 1421 AH, p. 88.
  29. ↑ Māmaqānī, Tanqīḥ al-maqāl, 1431 AH, vol. 1, p. 292.
  30. ↑ Mudarris Tabrīzī, Rayḥānat al-adab, 1369 Sh, vol. 8, p. 318.
  31. ↑ Muṭahharī, Bīst guftār, 1374 Sh, p. 165.
  32. ↑ Āmilī, Miṣbāḥ al-hudā, 1380 AH, vol. 11, p. 180; Jawāhirī, Al-Wāḍiḥ, n.d., vol. 6, p. 340; Burūjirdī, Al-Mustanad, n.d., vol. 3, p. 317.

References

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