Inqilab (fiqh)
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Inqilāb (Arabic: انقلاب) in jurisprudence refers to the transformation of wine into vinegar. Jurists consider transformation among purifiers (means of purification). They say that if wine by itself, by boiling or adding things to it such as vinegar and salt turns into vinegar, it becomes pure according to religious law.
Definition in Jurisprudence
Inqilab in jurisprudence is the transformation of wine into vinegar, whether by itself or by boiling or adding things to it such as vinegar and salt.[1].
Difference between Inqilab and Istihala (Metamorphosis)
About the difference between Inqilab and Istihala, there are two different opinions among Shi'a jurists: some of them such as Sayyid Muhammad Kazim al-Yazdi, the author of al-Urwa al-wuthqa believe that they are different from each other. They believe that in Istihala, the nature of a thing changes and it changes into something different in nature; but, in Inqilab, only the appearance of something changes[2].
According to some other scholars such as Sayyid Abu l-Qasim al-Khoei, Inqilab is a type of Istihala, because the nature of wine changes according to the common view[3].
Purity of Inqilab
Jurists consider Inqilab among purifiers (means of purification)[4]. Purifiers (means of purification) refer to the means by which a ritually impure object becomes pure according to religious law[5]. Jurists who consider Inqilab a type of Istihala, discuss about it under the topic of Istihala[6]. Other jurists consider an independent discussion for inqilab in their jurisprudential works[7].
Rules
Some jurisprudential rulings about inqilab according to the books of practical law are as follows:
- If wine by itself, by boiling or adding things to it such as vinegar and salt turns into vinegar, it becomes pure.
- A wine made from ritually impure grapes does not become pure by inqilab according to the fatwa of some jurists[8].
Notes
- ↑ See: Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā, vol. 1, p. 258.
- ↑ See: Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā, vol. 1, p. 261.
- ↑ See: Khoeī, Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-Khūʾī, vol. 14, p. 159.
- ↑ Imām Khomeiniī Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marājiʿ, vol. 1, p. 153.
- ↑ See: Imām Khomeiniī Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marājiʿ, vol. 1, p. 123.
- ↑ Shāhrūdī, Farhang-i fiqh, vol. 1, p. 742.
- ↑ See: Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā, vol. 1, p. 258.
- ↑ See: Imām Khomeiniī Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marājiʿ, vol. 1, p. 153.
References
- Imām Khomeiniī Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil-i marājiʿ muṭābiq bā fatāwā-yi shānzdah nafar az marājiʿ-i muʿazzam-i taqlīd. First edition. Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1392 Sh.
- Khoeī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. Mawsūʿat al-Imām al-Khūʾī. First edition. Qom: Muʾassisa Ihyāʾ Āthar al-Imām al-Khūʾī, 1418 AH.
- Shāhrūdī, Sayyid Maḥmūd. Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq bā madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt. Qom: Muʾassisat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Fiqh al-Islāmī, 1390 Sh.
- Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, Muḥammad Kāẓim al-. Al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā. Edited by Ahmad Muhsini Sabziwari. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1419 AH.