Muhammad b. Jumhur al-'Ammi
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Jumhūr al-ʿAmmī al-ʿArabī al-Baṣrī (Arabic:ابوعبدالله محمد بن جمهور العمي العربي البصري) (d. 210/825-6) known as Ibn Jumhur (إبن جمهور) was among Shi'a scholars of hadiths and literature and among special companions of Imam al-Rida (a) who has narrated hadiths from him. Some accused him of having corrupt belief and extremism. Some of his works are available.
| Full Name | Muhammad b. Jumhur al-'Ammi al-'Arabi al-Basri |
|---|---|
| Companion of | Imam al-Rida (a) |
| Teknonym | Abu 'Abd Allah |
| Well Known As | Ibn Jumhur |
| Death/Martyrdom | 210/825-6 |
| Works | Adab al-'ilm• al-Risala al-dhahabiyya•Sahib al-Zaman•al-Malahim•Waqt khuruj al-Qa'im•al-Wahida fi al-akhbar wa l-manaqib wa l-mathalib |
Life
Biographers have mentioned his teknonym and the names of father and grandfather with some differences. Ibn al-Nadim[1] mentioned his name as Muhammad b. Husayn b. Jumhur al-'Ammi and al-Najashi[2] has mentioned his name as Muhammad b. Jumhur al-'Ammi. Al-Tusi has mentioned his name as Muhammad b. Jumhur al-'Ammi al-'Arabi al-Basri[3] and also Muhammad b. Hasan b. Jumhur al-'Ammi al-Basri.[4] He also mentioned[5] that these names refer to one person and that he was from Banu 'Amm, a subtribe of the Tamim. Ibn Jumhur lived 110 years, but the date of his birth is not known.[6]
He was certainly among the special companions of Imam al-Rida (a) and narrated from him.[7]
Teachers and Sources
Ibn Jumhur narrated from:
- Abi Mu'ammar
- Ibrahim al-Awsi
- Yunus b. 'Abd al-Rahman
- Faddala b. Ayyub
- Ahmad b. Hamza
- Idris b. Yusuf
- Isma'il b. Sahl
- Shadhan b. Khalil
- Safwan b. Yahya
- 'Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Najran, and others.[8]
Mu'alla b. Muhammad, Ali b. Muhammad, Husayn b. Muhammad al-Ash'ari, Ahmad b. Husayn b. Sa'id, Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Kufi, Abu Yahya Ahwazi, Ya'qub b. Yazid, 'Amraki b. 'Ali and others narrated hadiths from him.[9]
Corruption of Beliefs and Weakness of Hadith
Ibn Jumhur has been called extremist and weak in hadith and faith.[10] Also, al-Tusi mentioned him among those who have not narrated hadiths from the Infallible (a).
In Kamil al-Ziyarat, Ibn Qulawayh has narrated Ziyarah 'Ashura after two transmitters (Husayn b. Muhammad b. 'Amir and Mu'alla b. Muhammad) from him.[11] Yaqut has described him with some verses which suggest his participation in parties and vain gatherings.[12]
Ibn Dawud al-Hilli has seen a poem from Ibn Jumhur in which he considered the forbidden in religion permissible.[13]
Works
His works have been mentioned as below:
- Adab al-'ilm
- Al-Risala al-dhahabiyya also called Tibb al-Rida (a).
- Sahib al-Zaman
- Al-Malahim (al-Malahim al-kabir)
- Waqt khuruj al-Qa'im
- Al-Wahida fi al-akhbar wa l-manaqib wa l-mathalib[14]
Notes
- ↑ Ibn al-Nadīm, al-Fihrist, p. 278.
- ↑ Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, p. 337.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Fihrist, p. 387.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Fihrist, p. 284.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Fihrist, p. 387; Ṭūsī, Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl, p. 416.
- ↑ Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, p. 337.
- ↑ Ibn al-Nadīm, al-Fihrist, p. 278; Ṭūsī, al-Fihrist, p. 387.
- ↑ Khoeī, Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth, vol. 15, p. 180.
- ↑ Kulaynī, al-Uṣūl al-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 62; vol. 4, p. 417; Ibn Qūlawayh, Kāmil al-zīyārāt, p. 174; Qummī, Tafsīr al-Qummī, vol. 2, p. 154; Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, p. 337; Ṭūsī, al-Fihrist, p. 387; Ṭūsī, al-Rijāl, p. 512; Ṭūsī, Tahdhīb al-aḥkām, p. 295.
- ↑ Ṭūsī, al-Fihrist, p. 387; Najāshī, Rijāl al-Najāshī, p. 337.
- ↑ Ibn Qūlawayh, Kāmil al-zīyārāt, p. 174.
- ↑ Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 2, p. 688.
- ↑ Ibn Dāwūd al-Ḥillī, Kitāb al-rijāl, p. 502.
- ↑ Āgā Buzurg, al-Dharīʿa ilā taṣānīf al-shīʿa, vol. 1, p. 387; vol. 11, p. 224; vol. 1, p. 25, 134; vol. 22, p. 189; Baghdādī, Īḍāḥ al-maknūn, vol. 2, p. 348.
References
- Āgā Buzurg al-Tihrānī, Muḥammad Muḥsin. Al-Dharīʿa ilā taṣānīf al-shīʿa. [n.p]. [n.d].
- Ḥamawī, Yāqūt b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. Muʿjam al-buldān. [n.p]. [n.d].
- Ibn Dāwūd al-Ḥillī, Ḥasan b. 'Alī. Kitāb al-rijāl. Edited by Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥaddith Armawī. Tehran: 1342 Sh.
- Ibn Qūlawayh, Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad. Kāmil al-zīyārāt. Edited by ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn Amīnī. Najaf: 1356 Sh.
- Ibn al-Nadīm, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq. Al-Fihrist. [n.p]. [n.d].
- Khoeī, Sayyid Abū l-Qāsim al-. Muʿjam rijāl al-ḥadīth. Beirut: 1403 AH.
- Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Uṣūl al-Kāfī. Translated to Farsi by Jawād Muṣṭafawī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, [n.d].
- Baghdādī, Ismāʿīl Pāshā. Īḍāḥ al-maknūn. [n.p]. [n.d].
- Najāshī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-. Rijāl al-Najāshī. Qom: 1407 AH.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Ikhtiyār maʿrifat al-rijāl. Edited by Ḥasan Muṣṭafawī. Mashhad: 1348 Sh.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Tahdhīb al-aḥkām. Edited by Sayyid Ḥasan al-Khursān. Beirut: 1401 AH.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥaasn al-. Al-Rijāl. Najaf: 1380 AH.
- Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Al-Fihrist. Edited by Maḥmūd Rāmyār. Mashhad: 1351 Sh.
- Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. Tafsīr al-Qummī. Edited by Ṭayyib Mūsawī Jazāʾrī. Najaf: 1387 AH.
- Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Al-Khiṣāl. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom: Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn-i Ḥawza-yi ʿIlmiyya, [n.d].