Kunasa (Kufa)

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The map of the old city of Kufa drawn based on historical reports

Kunāsa (Arabic: كناسة الكوفة), situated in Kufa,[1] is the location where notable figures such as Muslim b. 'Aqil,[2] Hani b. 'Urwa,[3] and Zayd b. 'Ali[4] were executed. Additionally, according to certain hadiths predicting events in the end times, Kunasa in Kufa is depicted as a site where divine punishment will be administered.[5] As mentioned in a hadith found in Bihar al-anwar, it is prophesied to be the place where Imam al-Mahdi (a) will crucify Dajjal.[6] Furthermore, another hadith identifies Kunasa in Kufa as the burial place of Ibn Muljam al-Muradi.[7]

Kunasa, located in Kufa, is recognized as a expansive commercial hub engaged in trade with various cities. Within a specific section of Kunasa, markets specialized in the trade of workhorses, slaves, and animals were established. Additionally, within Kunasa, there existed an area where individuals faced execution through crucifixion.[8]

As per Sayyid 'Abd al-Razzaq al-Muqarram (d. 1391/1971), Kunasa, once a renowned neighborhood, is hard to locate today due to the obliteration of relevant traces.[9] Nevertheless, some posit that Kunasa was positioned in the western part of Kufa, serving as an entry point to the city.[10] This location connected it to the Kufa market on one side[11] and to the deserts and outskirts of the city on the other.[12] Alternatively, others suggest it was situated between the Mosque of Kufa and al-Sahla Mosque.[13] Al-Muqarram leans towards the perspective of Sayyid Mahdi al-Qazwini (d. 1300/1883), asserting that Kunasa is situated east of Dhi l-Kifl village. This stance finds support in the existence of a pilgrimage site in that area, recognized as the place where Zayd b. 'Ali was crucified (martyrdom: 122/740), and his corpse was set ablaze.[14]


The Arabic term "kunasa" directly translates to a location designated for garbage collection.[15] This name originated from the disposal of waste by the Banu Asad and Banu Tamim tribes in that area.[16] Over time, it evolved into being referred to as Kunasa in Kufa.[17]

Notes

  1. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān, vol. 4, p. 481.
  2. ↑ Muqarram, al-Shahīd Muslim b. ʿAqīl, p. 150; Ibn Kalbī, Nasab al-muʿid wa Yaman al-kabīr, vol. 1, p. 329.
  3. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-rusul wa l-mulūk, vol. 5, p. 350.
  4. ↑ Ibn Ḥabīb Baghdādī, Kitāb al-muḥabbar, p. 483.
  5. ↑ Nuʿmānī, Kitāb al-Ghayba, p. 279.
  6. ↑ Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 56, p. 92.
  7. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 1, p. 300.
  8. ↑ Barāqī Najafī, Tārīkh al-Kūfa, p. 168.
  9. ↑ Muqarram, Zayd al-Shahīd, p. 206.
  10. ↑ Massignon, Khuṭaṭ al-Kūfa wa sharḥ khariṭuhā, p. 59.
  11. ↑ Kūhkamaraʾī, ʿUnṣur-i shujāʿat yā haftād-o-du tan wa yik tan, vol. 1, p. 457.
  12. ↑ Lafta Saʿīd, Kunāsa al-Kūfa wa ahamiyyatuhā fi al-ʿaṣr al-Umawī, p. 318-319; Kāẓim ʿAbd al-Sāda, Khuṭaṭ al-Kūfa fī kalimāt Ahl al-Bayt (a), p. 45.
  13. ↑ Barāqī Najafī, Tārīkh al-Kūfa, p. 168.
  14. ↑ Muqarram, Zayd al-Shahīd, p. 206-207.
  15. ↑ Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-ʿArab, vol. 6, p. 197; Zabīdī, Tāj al-ʿarūs min jawāhir al-qāmūs, vol. 16, p. 453.
  16. ↑ Bakrī, Muʿjam mā ustuʿjim min asmāʾ al-bilād wa l-mawāḍiʿ, vol. 4, p. 1136.
  17. ↑ Muṭarrizī, al-Mugharrab fī tartīb al-muʿarrab, p. 417; Barāqī Najafī, Tārīkh al-Kūfa, p. 168.

References

  • Bakrī, ʿAbu ʿUbayd. Muʿjam mā ustuʿjim min asmāʾ al-bilād wa l-mawāḍiʿ. Edited by Mustafa Saqā. Beirut: Ālam al-Kutub, 1403 AH.
  • Barāqī Najafī, Ḥusayn . Tārīkh al-Kūfa. Mashhad: Bunyād-i Pazhūhishhā-yi Islāmī, 1388 Sh.
  • Ibn Ḥabīb Baghdādī, Muḥammad b. Ḥabīb. Kitāb al-muḥabbar. Edited by Elza Lichten Stetter. Hyderabad Deccan: Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmānīyya, 1361 AH.
  • Ibn Kalbī, Hisham b. Muḥammad. Nasab al-muʿid wa Yaman al-kabīr. Edited by Ḥasan Nājī. Lebanon: ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 1425 AH.
  • Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. Lisān al-ʿArab. 4th Edition. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1414 AH.
  • Kāẓim ʿAbd al-Sāda, Rasūl. Khuṭaṭ al-Kūfa fī kalimāt Ahl al-Bayt (a). 1st Edition. [n.p]. Muʾssisa-yi Qaṣbat al-Yāqūt, 1439 AH.
  • Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. Al-Kāfī. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī and Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Fourth Edition. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.
  • Kūhkamaraʾī, Khalīl. ʿUnṣur-i shujāʿat yā haftād-o-du tan wa yik tan. Edited by Dār al-ʿirfān al-Shīʿī. Qom: Dār al-ʿirfān al-Shīʿī, 1389 SH.
  • Lafta Saʿīd, Ḥaydar. Kunāsa al-Kūfa wa ahamiyyatuhā fi al-ʿaṣr al-Umawī. Journal of Kulliyyat al-Islāmiyya al-Jāmiʿa. No 61, 2021.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
  • Massignon, Louis. Khuṭaṭ al-Kūfa wa sharḥ khariṭuhā. Translated to Arabic by Taqī b. Muḥammad al-Muṣʿabī. Baghdad: al-Warāq li-Nashr, 2009.
  • Muqarram, ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-. Al-Shahīd Muslim b. ʿAqīl. 1st Edition. Tehran: Muʾssisa intishārāt-i Biʿthat, 1407 AH.
  • Muqarram, ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-. Zayd al-Shahīd. 1st edition. Karbala: ʿAtaba al-Ḥusayniyya, 1436 AH.
  • Muṭarrizī, Nāṣir b. ʿAbd al-Sayyid al-. Al-Mugharrab fī tartīb al-muʿarrab. Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, [n.d].
  • Nuʿmānī, Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm al-. Kitāb al-Ghayba. 1st edition. Tehran: Nashr-i Ṣadūq, 1397 AH.
  • Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. Tārīkh al-rusul wa l-mulūk. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. 2nd Edition. Egypt: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1387 AH.
  • Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. Muʿjam al-buldān. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1995.
  • Zabīdī, Muḥammad Murtaḍā al-. Tāj al-ʿarūs min jawāhir al-qāmūs. Kuwait: Wizārat-i Irshād wa Inbāʾ, 1414 AH.
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