Al-Rida min Al Muhammad
Al-Riḍā min Āl Muḥammad (Arabic: اَلرّضا مِنْ آلِ مُحمّد) was the slogan adopted by the Abbasids at the beginning of their movement, intended to win the hearts of the devotees of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and to secure their support. By recalling the injustices that the Umayyads and Marwanids had inflicted upon the Prophet's household, the Abbasids claimed to be seeking the revival of the sunna of the Messenger of God (s)
According to some historical researchers, the Abbasids initially invited people in their own name, but after several of them were killed and they faced the danger of their leadership being exposed, by utilizing the popularity of the Alawites among non-Arab Muslims, they raised the slogan "al-Rida min Al Muhammad" to attract people indirectly.[1] Because the number of the 'Alawites and their popularity among the people was influential in the establishment of the Abbasid government.[2]
Muhammad Allah Akbari, a history researcher, believes that the geographical distance from the Hijaz and the pressure of the government in prohibiting questions about Banu Hashim caused the invited people not to differentiate between the Abbasids, Banu l-Hasan (a), and Banu l-Husayn (a), and to consider "Al Muhammad" as a single group and from the lineage of the Prophet (s).[3] The Abbasid Imam emphasized that the leaders of the da'wa (invitation) refrain from mentioning his name and invite people to "al-Rida min Al Muhammad". Also, in response to those who wanted to know "al-Rida", he advised them to say: We practice taqiyya.[4]
They entered the conflict with Banu Umayya with this very slogan,[5] and after reaching the government, they oppressed the people and the Hashimites more than the Umayyads did.[6] According to Mortada Motahhari, a Shi'a Islamic researcher, the goal of the Abbasids from this slogan was nothing but reaching leadership and the caliphate.[7]
According to reports, before the Abbasids, Zayd b. 'Ali had invited people to "al-Rida min Al Muhammad" and had consulted with Imam al-Sadiq (a) in his decision; the Imam, pointing out the dangers of this action, made him aware of the possible consequences.[8]
Muhammad Allah Akbari believes that from the people's allegiance to the 'Alawites invitations and uprisings, it appears that the meaning of "al-Rida min Al Muhammad" was a person from the family of the Prophet (s) upon whom the people or the Hashimite and 'Alawites elders or the elders of the cities, etc., would gather and be satisfied with him; whoever was chosen was "al-Rida". Therefore, a specific person was not meant by "al-Rida".[9]
Notes
- ↑ Allāh Akbarī, al-Riḍā min Āl Muḥammad (s), p. 33.
- ↑ Ḥusayniyān Muqaddam, Wākāwī-yi shuʿār-i ʿAbbāsiyān dar dhihniyyat-i ʿumūmī-yi jāmiʿa, p. 28.
- ↑ Allāh Akbarī, al-Riḍā min Āl Muḥammad (s), p. 34.
- ↑ Allāh Akbarī, al-Riḍā min Āl Muḥammad (s), p. 34.
- ↑ Shahīdī, Zindagānī-yi Imām Ṣādiq Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad (a), p. 23.
- ↑ Shahīdī, Zindagānī-yi Imām Ṣādiq Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad (a)', p. 73.
- ↑ Muṭahharī, Bīst guftār, p. 129
- ↑ Ṣadūq, ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā (a), vol. 1, p. 249.
- ↑ Allāh Akbarī, Majalla-yi Tārīkh-i Islām, no. 8.
References
- Allāh Akbarī, Muḥammad. "Al-Riḍā min Āl Muḥammad (ṣ)". In Faṣlnāma-yi Tārīkh-i Islām, no. 8, Winter 1380 Sh.
- Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. Lisān al-ʿArab. [n.p]: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1413 AH.
- Ḥusayniyān Muqaddam, Ḥusayn. "Wākāwī-yi shiʿār-i ʿAbbāsiyān dar dhihniyyat-i ʿumūmī-yi jāmiʿa". In Faṣlnāma-yi Pizhūhish-nāma-yi Tārīkh-i Islām, 4th year, no. 13, Spring 1393 Sh.
- Shaykh al-Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā ʿalayh al-salām. Edited by: Mahdī Lājawardī. Tehran: Nashr-i Jahān, 1st edition, 1378 AH.
- Shahīdī, Sayyid Jaʿfar. Zindagānī-yi Imām Ṣādiq Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad (a). Tehran: Daftar-i Nashr-i Farhang-i Islāmī, 1384 Sh.