Draft:April

April (French: Avril) is the fourth month in the Gregorian and Julian calendars, and one of the four months with 30 days. In Iran and the Northern Hemisphere, April falls in the spring season and coincides with Farvardin and Ordibehesht.

Events

1 April

• 1924: A letter from the scholars of Qom (al-Isfahani, Gharawi Naini, and Hairi Yazdi) to the scholars of Tehran opposing the Republic of Reza Shah. (26 Shabaan 1342/1 April 1924)
• 1389/1969: Severance of diplomatic relations between Iran and Lebanon due to the Lebanese government's refusal to extradite Timur Bakhtiar. (13 Muharram 1389/1 April 1969)
• 1399/1979: Holding and announcing the results of the referendum for the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Iran. (3 Jamad ul ula 1399/1 April 1979 )
• 1445/2024: Missile attack by the Zionist regime on the consulate of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Damascus and the martyrdom of 7 Iranian advisors. (21 Ramadaan 1445/1 April 2024)

2 April

• 1430/2009: Establishment of Majlis Wahdat-e-Muslimeen (MWM), a Shia political party in Pakistan, in Islamabad. (6 Rabi u thani 1430/2 April 2009)
• 1896: Demise of Muhammad Hasan I'timad al-Saltana, a courtier of Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar and the author of the book Khayrat hisan. (14 Farvardin 1275)

3 April

• 1967: Demise of Mujtaba Qazwini, a Shia jurist and a prominent figure of the School of Tafkik. (1346)
• 1986: Demise of Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Shari'atmadari, the founder of Dar al-Tabligh al-Islami and the Maktab-yi Islam journal. (14 Farvardin 1365)
• 2012: Chilas incident; the massacre of Shia passengers on a bus in Gilgit, Pakistan, by extremist anti-Shia groups. (15 Farvardin 1391)
• 2016: Demise of Shaykh Mufid al-Faqih, a scholar from Lebanon. (15 Farvardin 1395)

4 April

• 1941: Demise of Parvin E'tesami, an Iranian poet. (15 Farvardin 1320)
• 1960: Declaration of independence of Senegal from French colonization. (15 Farvardin 1339)
• 1980: Expulsion of Fayli Kurds from Iraq for the crime of being Iranian, Shia, and Kurd by the Ba'th Party. (16 Farvardin 1359)

5 April

• 1925: Demise of Mahdi al-Khalisi, a Shia Marja' in Iraq who issued a fatwa of jihad against the British. (16 Farvardin 1304)
• 1954: Demise of Muhammad 'Ali Mudarris Tabrizi, the author of Rayhanat al-adab. (1 Sha'ban 1373)
• 1985: Demise of Abbas Ali Islami, the founder of the Jami'a Ta'limat Islami (Society of Islamic Instructions). (25 Rajab 1406/)

6 April

• 1877: Completion of the construction of the "Mughul Shia" mosque or "Panja Mosque" (Iranians' Mosque), the main gathering place for Shias in Yangon, Myanmar. (12 Rabi' I 1293)

7 April

• 1979: Beginning of the uprising of Shias in Daykundi against the communist government of Afghanistan under the command of Muhammad Husayn Sadiqi Nili. (9 Jumada I 1399/18 Farvardin 1358)
• 1999: Demise of Sayyid 'Abd al-Karim Radawi Kashmiri, a jurist, mystic, and professor of the Najaf Seminary and Qom Seminary. (20 Dhu l-Hijja 1419/18 Farvardin 1378)
• 2006: Terrorist attack on the Buratha Mosque, an important Shia center in Baghdad, and the martyrdom of 69 people. (18 Farvardin 1385)
• 2013: Demise of 'Abd al-Hadi al-Fadli, a Shia cleric and influential figure in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. (27 Jumada I 1434/18 Farvardin 1392)

8 April

• 1897: Demise of Mirza Abu l-Hasan Jilwa, a Shia peripatetic philosopher. (6 Dhu l-Qa'da 1314/20 Farvardin 1276)
• 1979: Announcement of the existence of the Islamic Movement of Afghanistan led by Muhammad Asif Muhsini Qandahari. (19 Farvardin 1358)
• 1980: Martyrdom of Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, a Marja', and one of the founders of the Islamic Dawa Party by the Ba'th Party. (22 Jumada I 1400/19 Farvardin 1359)
• 1980: Martyrdom of Bint al-Huda al-Sadr, an author and cultural-political activist in Iraq, by the Ba'th Party. (22 Jumada I 1400/19 Farvardin 1359)
• 2019: Designation of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and the Quds Force as terrorist groups by the US government. (19 Farvardin 1398)

9 April

• 1948: Massacre of the inhabitants of Deir Yassin village (250 to 360 people) by Israeli military units, and the destruction and occupation of this village. (20 Farvardin 1327)
• 2003: End of Saddam Hussein's rule and the fall of the Ba'th Party in Iraq by the United States and the United Kingdom. (20 Farvardin 1382)

10 April

• 1999: Martyrdom of Ali Sayyad Shirazi, a commander of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran, by the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK). (23 Dhu l-Hijja 1419/21 Farvardin 1378)

11 April

• 1946: Independence of Syria from the mandate of France. (22 Farvardin 1325)
• 1995: Official opening of the new building of the Library of Astan Quds Razavi. (22 Farvardin 1374)
• 1996: Execution of Operation Grapes of Wrath by Israel; the sixteen-day killing of Palestinian people, including the Qana massacre. (23 Farvardin 1375)
• 2010: Election of Raja Nasir Abbas Jafri as the first Secretary-General of Majlis Wahdat-e-Muslimeen, a Shia political party in Pakistan. (22 Farvardin 1389)

12 April

• 1948: Massacre of the people of Qalunya village on the road from al-Quds to Jaffa by Israeli military units. (23 Farvardin 1327)
• 1978: Establishment of Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan, the first Shia party in Pakistan. (23 Farvardin 1358)
• 2008: Explosion in the Shohada Husayniyya in Shiraz, resulting in 14 martyrs and 200 injured. (24 Farvardin 1387)

13 April

• 1975: Beginning of the fifteen-year Lebanese Civil War. (24 Farvardin 1354)

14 April

• 1903: Birth of Henry Corbin, a French philosopher, Iranologist, and scholar of Shia studies. (24 Farvardin 1282)
• 2024: Iran's attack on Israel in response to Israel's attack on the consulate of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Damascus. (5 Shawwal 1445/26 Farvardin 1403)

15 April

• 1982: Execution by firing squad of Khalid Islambouli, the assassin of Anwar Sadat, the then-president of Egypt. (26 Farvardin 1361)

16 April

• 1613: Signing of a peace treaty between Iran and the Ottoman Empire in Isfahan. (27 Farvardin 922)
• 1988: Assassination of Khalil al-Wazir (Abu Jihad), one of the founders of the Fatah movement in Palestine and deputy to Yasser Arafat, by Israel. (27 Farvardin 1367)

17 April

• 2004: Assassination of Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi, a leader of Hamas, by Israel. (29 Farvardin 1383)
• 2024: Beginning of protest gatherings by students of US universities in support of the people of Gaza. (29 Farvardin 1403)

18 April

• 1996: Qana massacre, the killing of rural civilians in Lebanon by the Zionist regime, known as the first genocide. (30 Farvardin 1375)

19 April

• 2022: Massacre of Shia students in an area in Dasht-e Barchi by two bomb explosions. (30 Farvardin 1401)

20 April

• 1944: Demise of Aqa Najafi Quchani, the author of the books Siyahat-yi gharb and Siyahat-yi sharq. (26 Rabi' II 1363/31 Farvardin 1323)

21 April

• 1802: Wahhabi sack of Karbala and the massacre of Shias. (18 Dhu l-Hijja 1216/1 Ordibehesht 1181)
• 1802: Martyrdom of 'Abd al-Samad al-Hamadani, a mystic, jurist, and theologian in the Wahhabi sack of Karbala. (18 Dhu l-Hijja 1216/1 Ordibehesht 1181)
• 1926: Demolition of al-Baqi' cemetery and the shrines of the Imams of al-Baqi' by the Wahhabis. (8 Shawwal 1344 /31 Farvardin 1305)
• 1938: Demise of Iqbal Lahori, a poet, philosopher, and politician from Pakistan. (1 Ordibehesht 1317)

22 April

• 1948: Massacre of the people of Haifa; a midnight attack by Zionists on people's homes, killing 150 Palestinians. (2 Ordibehesht 1327)
• 1979: Establishment of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps by the order of Imam Khomeini. (2 Ordibehesht 1358)
• 1988: Inclusion of the phrase Bismi llah al-Rahman al-Rahim at the beginning of the constitution of Bangladesh.
• 1994: Demise of Sayyid Sadr al-Din Balaghi, a preacher, writer, and one of the founders of the Hizb-yi Jumhuri-yi Khalq-yi Musalman (Muslim People's Republic Party). (11 Dhu l-Qa'da 1414/2 Ordibehesht 1373)

23 April

• 1977: Demise of 'Ali Muhammad Waziri, the founder of the Waziri Library in Yazd. (4 Jumada I 1397/3 Ordibehesht 1356)
• 2009: Demise of 'Aqil Turabi, a Shia orator from India, a member of the Ahl al-Bayt (a) World Assembly, and the Council of Islamic Ideology of Pakistan. (27 Rabi' II 1430/3 Ordibehesht 1388 )

24 April

• 1953: Demise of Mirza Mahdi Ashtiyani, a Shia philosopher and mystic. (9 Sha'ban 1372/4 Ordibehesht 1332)
• 2013: Death of Mullah Omar, the first leader of the Taliban in Afghanistan. (13 Jumada II 1434/4 Ordibehesht 1392)
• 2014: Demise of Muslim Malakuti, a jurist, the Friday Prayer Imam of Tabriz, a member of the Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom, and a member of the Assembly of Experts. (24 Jumada II 1435/4 Ordibehesht 1393)
• 2020: Demise of Ibrahim Amini Najafabadi, a Mujtahid, author, representative of the Assembly of Experts, and Friday Prayer Imam of Qom. (30 Sha'ban 1441/5 Ordibehesht 1399)

25 April

• 1492: Fall of the last Islamic state in Europe in Granada by the forces of the Kingdom of Spain.
• 1815: Birth of Mirza Shirazi, a Shia Marja', and the issuer of the Tobacco Fatwa. (15 Jumada I 1230/4 Ordibehesht 1194)
• 1980: Defeat of American forces in Operation Eagle Claw in the Tabas desert, intended to rescue hostages from the US embassy. (5 Ordibehesht 1359)
• 1996: Demise of Sayyid Rida Burqa'i, one of the founders of the Office for the Publication of Islamic Culture and an author of religious textbooks. (6 Dhu l-Hijja 1416 AH/6 Ordibehesht 1375)

26 April

• 1964: Merger of the two African countries of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, forming the independent Republic of Tanganyika and changing its name to Tanzania. (6 Ordibehesht 1343)
• 1996: End of Israel's 16-day Operation Grapes of Wrath, killing more than 175 people; the Qana massacre also occurred during this time, in which more than 106 Palestinians were killed by Israel. (7 Ordibehesht 1375)
• 1999: Demise of Akhtar Abbas Najafi, a Shia scholar from Pakistan. (9 Muharram 1420/6 Ordibehesht 1378)

27 April

• 1939: Demise of Muhammad Ja'far Mahallati, a professor of the Samarra Seminary and Najaf Seminary and a leader of the anti-British uprising of the people of the South, who issued a fatwa of jihad against the colonial presence of the British in the South. (7 Rabi' I 1358/6 Ordibehesht 1318)
• 1978: Coup d'état by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan in Kabul and the rise of the communist government. (7 Ordibehesht 1357)
• 2022: Reconstruction of Maqam Ra's al-Husayn in Cairo by the Bohras, a branch of the Isma'ili sect. (25 Ramadan 1443/7 Ordibehesht 1401)

28 April

• 1920: Capture of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, by the order of Lenin, the then-leader of the communist government of Russia. (9 Sha'ban 1338 /8 Ordibehesht 1299)
• 1969: Expulsion of five hundred Iranians from Iraq by the Ba'thist government of Iraq. (8 Ordibehesht 1348)
• 1992: Entry of the Mujahideen of Afghanistan into Kabul after the fall of Najibullah's government. (25 Shawwal 1412/8 Ordibehesht 1371)

29 April

• 1866: Birth of Sayyid Ali Qadi Tabataba'i, a mystic and ethics teacher of the Najaf Seminary. (13 Dhu l-Hijja 1282/9 Ordibehesht 1245)
• 1919: Demise of Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi, a Shia Marja' and the author of the jurisprudential book Al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqa. (28 Rajab 1337/8 Ordibehesht 1298)
• 1942: Demise of Nasir Diwan Kazaruni, the leader of the uprising of the people of Kazerun against the colonial presence of the British. (9 Ordibehesht 1321)
• 1985: Demise of Asad Haydar, a Shia researcher and scholar in Iraq. (9 Ordibehesht 1364)

30 April

• 711: Conquest of Gibraltar by Muslims and entry into European soil during the rule of the Umayyads.
• 1896: Assassination of Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar, the fourth king of the Qajar dynasty. (17 Dhu l-Qa'da 1313 AH/11 Ordibehesht 1275)
• 1969: Suspension of congregational prayers in Najaf and the closure of the Najaf Seminary by Sayyid Muhsin al-Hakim in protest against the Iraqi Ba'th government. (10 Ordibehesht 1348)
• 1982: Beginning of Operation Bayt al-Muqaddas during the Sacred Defense War and the Liberation of Khorramshahr. (10 Ordibehesht 1361)
• 2013: Exhumation of Hujr b. 'Adi, one of the special companions of Imam Ali (a), by the Takfiri group al-Nusra Front and the threat to repeat this action at the Holy Shrine of Lady Zaynab (a). (10 Ordibehesht 1392)
• 2015: Opening of the Imam Hasan al-Askari Mosque in Qom after reconstruction and expansion by Lutfullah Safi Gulpaygani. (10 Ordibehesht 1394)